INTRODUCTION
Why Do We Need Safety Engineering? What Is Safety Analysis? System
Safety and Risk Assessment. A Brief History of Safety
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
The Make-up of an Accident. How Safe Is Safe Enough? What Is a
Hazard and Other Important Concepts. The System Safety Process.
Hazard Identification. Hazard Control. Risk Acceptance. Hazard
Reduction Precedence. "Design out" the Hazard. Safety Devices.
Warning Devices. Special Procedures and Training. The Use of
Standards in Safety. U.S. Government Standards. U.S. Industry
Standards. International Standards.
SAFETY ANALYSIS IN ENGINEERING--HOW IS IT USED?
The Manufacturing Industry. The Chemical Process Industry.
Aerospace and Military Industries. The Nuclear Power Industry. The
Mass Transit Industry
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Safety in the System Life Cycle. System Life Cycle. Safety and the
System Life Cycle. Examples of Poor Application of Safety in the
System Life Cycle. Organizational Management and Safety. Management
Commitment. Suggested Ideas to Enhance Management Involvement. The
System Safety Organization. Developing a System Safety Program.
Elements of a System Safety Program. Setting up a System Safety
Program. Evaluating Contractors and Subcontractors. Emergency
Preparedness Programs. Common Mistakes in Implementing Safety
Programs. A Closed-Loop Process. Hazard Tracking and Resolution.
System Safety Reviews and Audits. Voluntary Protection
Programs.
HAZARD ANALYSIS
Hazard Analysis Methodology. Preliminary Hazard List.
Passenger-Carrying Submersible Example. Hazard
Analysis--Preliminary, Subsystem, and System. Facility Hazard
Analysis. Operations and Support Hazard Analysis. Examples of
Hazard Analyses. Example Hazard Analysis of NASA Laser. Brief
Example of a Hazardous Waste Storage Facility Hazard Analysis.
PROCESS SAFETY ANALYSIS
Process Hazard Analysis. HAZOP. "What If?" Analysis and Safety
Checklists. Brief HAZOP Example of an Ammonia Fill Station. Example
"What If?" Safety Checklist for Pressure Test Equipment.
FAULT TREE ANALYSIS
Fault Tree Symbols and Logic. Finding Cut Sets. Fault Tree
Quantification. Example of a Fault Tree Construction of a
Motor-Pump Pressure System. Common Mistakes in Fault Trees.
FMECA, HUMAN FACTORS, AND SOFTWARE SAFETY
Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. Conducting a
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Failure Modes, Effects, and
Criticality Analysis. Human Factors Safety Analysis. Performance
and Human Error. Human Factors Safety Analysis. Brief Example of
Human Factors Safety Analysis--Manual Switchover to Auxiliary
Feedwater System. Software Safety. Software Safety Analysis.
Software Testing and IV & V.
OTHER TECHNIQUES
MORT. Energy Trace Barrier Analysis. Sneak Circuit Analysis.
Cause-Consequence Analysis. Dispersion Modeling. Test Safety.
Comparing the Various Techniques. Advantages and Disadvantages
DATA SOURCES AND TRAINING
Government Data Banks. Industry Data Banks. Creating Your Own Data
Bank--Some Suggestions. Safety Training. Employee Training.
Emergency Preparedness and Response Training. Personnel
Certification for Hazardous Operations. Sample Safety Training
Course Outline for a Microprocessor Production Plant. Safety
Awareness.
ACCIDENT REPORTING, INVESTIGATION, AND DOCUMENTATION
Reporting the Accident. Setting up a Closed-Loop Reporting System.
Example of an Automated System. Forming an Investigation Board.
Selecting the Investigation Board. Conducting the Investigation.
Investigation Report. Documenting the Accident. Retention of
Records. Public Release of Information
RISK ASSESSMENT
What Is Risk? Risk Perception. Risk Assessment Methodology.
Identifying Risk in a System. Risk Communication.
RISK EVALUATION
. A Probabilistic Approach. A Risk Analysis Model. Developing
Accident Scenarios and Initiating Events. Event Trees. Consequences
Determination. Uncertainty. Risk Evaluation--The Use of Risk
Profiles. Calculating Safety Costs. Brief Example: Risk Assessment
of Launching a Space Shuttle Payload
APPENDICES
Typical Energy Sources; Generic Hazard Checklist; Generic Facility
Safety Checklist; Internet Sources
References and suggested reading recommendations follow most
chapter.
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