Abbreviated Table of Contents
I. ASSESSMENT
A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq
B. Consequences of Continued Decline in Iraq
C. Some Alterrnative Courses in Iraq
D. Achieving Our Goals
II. THE WAY FORWARD—A NEW APPROACH
A. The External Approach: Building an International Consensus
B. The Internal Approach: Helping Iraqis Help Themselves
James A. Baker, III - Co-Chair
James A. Baker, III has served in senior government positions under
three United States presidents. He served as the nation's 61st
Secretary of State from January 1989 through August 1992 under
President George H. W. Bush. During his tenure at the State
Department, Mr. Baker traveled to 90 foreign countries as the
United States confronted the unprecedented challenges and
opportunities of the post-Cold War era. Mr. Baker's reflections on
those years of revolution, war, and peace-The Politics of
Diplomacy-was published in 1995.
Mr. Baker served as the 67th Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to
1988 under President Ronald Reagan. As Treasury Secretary, he was
also Chairman of the President's Economic Policy Council. From 1981
to 1985, he served as White House Chief of Staff to President
Reagan. Mr. Baker's record of public service began in 1975 as Under
Secretary of Commerce to President Gerald Ford. It concluded with
his service as White House Chief of Staff and Senior Counselor to
President Bush from August 1992 to January 1993.
Long active in American presidential politics, Mr. Baker led
presidential campaigns for Presidents Ford, Reagan, and Bush over
the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to
1992.
A native Houstonian, Mr. Baker graduated from Princeton University
in 1952. After two years of active duty as a lieutenant in the
United States Marine Corps, he entered the University of Texas
School of Law at Austin. He received his J.D. with honors in 1957
and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from
1957 to 1975.
Mr. Baker's memoir-Work Hard, Study . . . and Keep Out of Politics!
Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life-was published
in October 2006.
Mr. Baker received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 and
has been the recipient of many other awards for distinguished
public service, including Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson
Award, the American Institute for Public Service's Jefferson Award,
Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government Award,
the Hans J. Morgenthau Award, the George F. Kennan Award, the
Department of the Treasury's Alexander Hamilton Award, the
Department of State's Distinguished Service Award, and numerous
honorary academic degrees.
Mr. Baker is presently a senior partner in the law firm of Baker
Botts. He is Honorary Chairman of the James A. Baker III Institute
for Public Policy at Rice University and serves on the board of the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute. From 1997 to 2004, Mr. Baker
served as the Personal Envoy of United Nations Secretary-General
Kofi Annan to seek a political solution to the conflict over
Western Sahara. In 2003, Mr. Baker was appointed Special
Presidential Envoy for President George W. Bush on the issue of
Iraqi debt. In 2005, he was co-chair, with former President Jimmy
Carter, of the Commission on Federal Election Reform. Since March
2006, Mr. Baker and former U.S. Congressman Lee H. Hamilton have
served as the co-chairs of the Iraq Study Group, a bipartisan
blue-ribbon panel on Iraq.
Mr. Baker was born in Houston, Texas, in 1930. He and his wife, the
former Susan Garrett, currently reside in Houston, and have eight
children and seventeen grandchildren.
Lee H. Hamilton - Co-Chair
Lee H. Hamilton became Director of the Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars in January 1999. Previously, Mr. Hamilton
served for thirty-four years as a United States Congressman from
Indiana. During his tenure, he served as Chairman and Ranking
Member of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (now the Committee
on International Relations) and chaired the Subcommittee on Europe
and the Middle East from the early 1970s until 1993. He was
Chairman of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the
Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with
Iran.
Also a leading figure on economic policy and congressional
organization, he served as Chair of the Joint Economic Committee as
well as the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, and
was a member of the House Standards of Official Conduct Committee.
In his home state of Indiana, Mr. Hamilton worked hard to improve
education, job training, and infrastructure. Currently, Mr.
Hamilton serves as Director of the Center on Congress at Indiana
University, which seeks to educate citizens on the importance of
Congress and on how Congress operates within our government.
Mr. Hamilton remains an important and active voice on matters of
international relations and American national security. He served
as a Commissioner on the United States Commission on National
Security in the 21st Century (better known as the Hart-Rudman
Commission), was Co-Chair with former Senator Howard Baker of the
Baker-Hamilton Commission to Investigate Certain Security Issues at
Los Alamos, and was Vice-Chairman of the National Commission on
Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission),
which issued its report in July 2004. He is currently a member of
the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and the
President's Homeland Security Advisory Council, as well as the
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Advisory
Board.
Born in Daytona Beach, Florida, Mr. Hamilton relocated with his
family to Tennessee and then to Evansville, Indiana. Mr. Hamilton
is a graduate of DePauwUniversity and the Indiana University School
of Law, and studied for a year at Goethe University in Germany.
Before his election to Congress, he practiced law in Chicago and in
Columbus, Indiana. A former high school and college basketball
star, he has been inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of
Fame.
Mr. Hamilton's distinguished service in government has been honored
through numerous awards in public service and human rights as well
as honorary degrees. He is the author of A Creative Tension-The
Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress (2002) and How
Congress Works and Why You Should Care (2004), and the coauthor of
Without Precedent- The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission
(2006).
Lee and his wife, the former Nancy Ann Nelson, have three
children-Tracy Lynn Souza, Deborah Hamilton Kremer, and Douglas
Nelson Hamilton-and five grandchildren- Christina, Maria, McLouis
and Patricia Souza and Lina Ying Kremer.
Lawrence S. Eagleburger - Member
Lawrence S. Eagleburger was sworn in as the 62nd U.S. Secretary of
State by President George H. W. Bush on December 8, 1992, and as
Deputy Secretary of State on March 20, 1989.
After his entry into the Foreign Service in 1957, Mr. Eagleburger
served in the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in the State
Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research, in the U.S. Embassy
in Belgrade, and the U.S. Mission to NATOin Belgium. In 1963, after
a severe earthquake in Macedonia, he led the U.S. government effort
to provide medical and other assistance. He was then assigned to
Washington, D.C., where he served on the Secretariat staff and as
special assistant to Dean Acheson, advisor to the President on
Franco-NATO issues. In August 1966, he became acting director of
the Secretariat staff.
In October 1966, Mr. Eagleburger joined the National Security
Council staff. In October 1967, he was assigned as special
assistant to Under Secretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach. In
November 1968, he was appointed Dr. Henry Kissinger's assistant,
and in January 1969, he became executive assistant to Dr. Kissinger
at the White House. In September 1969, he was assigned as political
advisor and chief of the political section of the U.S. Mission to
NATO in Brussels.
Mr. Eagleburger became Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in
August 1971. Two years later, he became Acting Assistant Secretary
of Defense for Int
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