Preface
INTRODUCTION: THINKING AND READING CRITICALLY
What Is Critical Thinking?
Why Read Critically
How to Read Critically
Critical Reading in Action–Sample Essay for Analysis
Logical Fallacies
Exploring the Language of Visuals
1. LANGUAGE AND HISTORY
Beginnings: The Development of Language
The Tower of Babel (visual)
From Hand to Mouth (Michael C. Corballis)
Language and Thought (Langer)
Brief History of English (Roberts)
Horton Heared a Who! (Steven Pinker)
Another Language for the Deaf (Fox)
Signwriting (visual)
Preserving Voices: Defending Native Languages
Speaking in Tongues (James Geary)
Lost in Translation (Soo Ji Minn)
Tribal Talk (Michelle Nijhuis)
Say No More (Jack Hitt)
Let Them Die (Kenan Malik)
International Mother Language Day (visual)
2. THE POWER OF LANGUAGE
Personal Recollections: Coming to Language
Homemade Education (Malcolm X)
A Word for Everything (Keller)
American Sign Language (visual)
My Yiddish (Leonard Michaels)
Language of Silence (Kingston)
Spanish Lessons (Marin)
A Child’s First Story (visual)
Speaking Out: Language that Inspired Change
Seneca Falls Declaration (Stanton)
Letter from Birmingham Jail (King)
Ain’t I a Woman? (Truth)
Struggle for Human Rights (Roosevelt)
Sanger Silenced (visual)
Afghanistan Woman Silenced (visual)
3. WRITERS WRITING
The Writing Process
Writing for an Audience (Flower)
Getting Started (Lamott)
What My Students Have Taught Me About Writing (Childers)
Forget Ideas, Mr. Author. What Kind of Pen Do you Use? (Stephen Fry)
The Secret Lives of Fonts (text with visuals)
Finding the Right Words
Case for Short Words (Lederer)
Saying is Believing (O’Connor)
How to Write with Style (Vonnegut)
Always Living in Spanish (Marjorie Agosin)
Cliché’s Anyone (Isaacs)
Top Business Clichés (Jonathan Clements)
4. POLITICAL WORDPLAY
Politically Speaking
How to Detect Propaganda (The Institute for Propaganda Analysis)
Politics and the English Language (George Orwell)
The Pep Talk (Hugh Rank)
Doubts About Doublespeak (William Lutz)
Answer the &$%#* Question! (Trudy Lieberman)
Political Campaign ads (visual)
Case Study: Warspeak: Language and Conflict
Fighting Words: The War Over Language (John Hooten)
Terrorism and the English Language (Deroy Murdock)
Semantics of Murder (Amir Taheri)
A True Jihad? (Jim Guirard)
Selling America (Sandra Silberstein)
American's Stand United, AAI Advertisement (visual)
Language and the Presidency
The Rhetorical Presidency (Denton/Hahn)
A Nation of Victims (Renana Brooks)
The Making of the Speech (DT Max)
President George W. Bush Discusses Global War on Terror
Why JFK’s Speech Succeeded (Thurston Clarke)
President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961 (JFK) (photos of JFK’s inaugural address.)
5. DO YOU KNOW WHAT I’M SAYING?
He Says, She Says: Gender Differences in Discourse
Women Talk Too Much (Janet Holmes)
No Detail is Too Small for Girls (Tony Kornheiser)
Sex Differences (Ronald Maculay)
Men Are from Belgium, Women Are from New Brunswick (visual)
He and She: What's the Real Difference? (Clive Thompson)
The Party Line (Rachel Rafelman)
I'll Explain It to You: Lecturing and Listening (Deborah Tannen)
Let's Talk About It: Conversation In Action
The Social Basis of Talk (Ronald Wardhaugh)
Some Friends and I Started Talking (Margaret J Wheatley)
The Like Virus (David Grambus)
“Languaculture” (Michael H. Agar)
The Other Side of E-Mail (Robert Kuttner)
r u online? (Kris Axtman) (text and visual)
6. MEDIA SPEAK
As Heard On TV
TV News: “All the World in Pictures (Neil Postman and Steve Powers)
Fake TV News? (Diane Farsetta and Daniel Price)
TV News Slogans (visual)
Is Bad Language Unacceptable on TV? (BBC “Talking Point Forum”)
Taking a 'War of Words' Too Literally (Deborah Tannen)
The Entertained Culture (Tom Shachtman)
Stamp Out Fadspeak (Richard Lederer)
The Language of Advertising
With These Words I Can Sell You Anything (William Lutz)
The Language of Advertising (Charles A O'Neill)
Language Abuse (Herschell Gordon Lewis)
We Know What You Want (Martin Howard)
How Tobacco Company "Anti-Smoking" Ads Appeal to Teens (Carrie McLaren)
Sample ads (visual)
7. CENSORSHIP AND FREE SPEECH
Censorship and Books
The Freedom to Read (The American Library Association)
The 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2005 (inset)
Book Banning, Real and Imaginary (Jeff Jacoby)
Is Harry Potter Evil? (Judy Blume)
Exploring the Language of Visuals: Huckleberry Finn Banned!
Author's Afterword from Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury)
Biased Language and Hate Speech
Hate Speech (Robin Tomach Lakoff)
Bias-Free Language: Some Guidelines (Rosalie Maggio)
The Word Police (Michiko Kakutani)
Crimes Against Humanity (Ward Churchill)
“Nigger” The Meaning of a Word (Gloria Naylor)
Case Study: Free Speech on Campus
The Betrayal of Liberty on America's Campuses (Alan C Kors)
Regulating Racist Speech on Campus (Charles Lawrence III)
There's No Such Thing as Free Speech, and It's a Good Thing, Too (Stanley Fish)
A Free Speech Firestorm (Scott Smallwood)
Shrinking Free Speech Zones (Rachel Gillett)
Free Speech cartoon (Zachary Parker)
8. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEBATE
What Is “Standard English”?
All American Dialects (Richard Lederer)
Do You Speak American (Robert MacNeil)
Why Good English Is Good for You (John Simon)
Everyone Has An Accent but Me (John Esling)
Good English and Bad (Bill Bryson)
Should English Be the Official Language of the USA?
English Should Be the Only Language (SI Hayakawa)
Proposal for an American Language Academy (John Adams) (boxed)
And May He Be Bilingual (Julia Ortiz Cofer)
The Overwhelming Allure of English (Gregory Rodriguez)
Case Study: What Does How We Speak Say About Us?
It’s So Totally Cool, or Whatever (Meghan Cox Gordon)
Poem: Totally like whatever, you know? (Taylor Mali) (sidebar)
What Does Your Speech Reveal? (Carmen Fought)
Nu Shortcuts in School R 2 Much 4 Teachers (Jennifer Lee)
The Gravitas of Spanglish (Ilan Stavans)
Ebonics: Defining Who We Are in Society (David Dante Troutt)
Barring The Gates Of Language (John Fought)
This language reader features thought-provoking readings that explore the various interconnections between language and American society.
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