Table of Contents

Preface I. THE NEUROBIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG ACTION AND BIOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS 1. Neurons, Synapses, and the Brain: A Brief Introduction to Neuroscience The Neuron The Cell body Receptors Dendrites Axons The Action Potential Types of Neurons The Synapse Neuroglial Cells Overview of Neuroanatomy Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Central Nervous System Summary Study Questions 2. Neurotransmitters and Receptors Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors Serotonin Norepinephrine Dopamine Acetylcholine Gamma Amino Benzoic Acid Glutamate Opioid Neuropeptides Melatonin Summary Study Questions 3. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics Route of Administration Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Elimination Drug Half-Life and Steady State Pharmacodynamics Potency and Efficacy Dose-Response Curves Drug Concentration Measurement Tolerance and Dependence Summary Study Questions 4. The Biology of Mental Disorders Affective Disorders Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Panic Disorder Social Phobia Schizophrenia Attention-Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder Summary Study Questions II. THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS: THEIR PHARMACOLOGY, METABOLISM, INTERACTIONS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AND THERAPEUTIC USES 5. Sedative Hypnotics, Anxiolytics, and Alcohol Barbiturates and Related Compounds Benzodiazepines Sodium Oxybate Zolpidem and Zaleplon Pregabalin Buspirone Alcohol Summary Study Questions 6. The Psychostimulants, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Caffeine, and Nicotine Methylphenidate), Pemoline, and Phentermine Modafinil The Amphetamines Cocaine Atomoxetine Uses of Methylphenidate, Pemoline, Phentermine, Modafinil, Atomoxetine, and the Amphetamines Nicotine Caffeine 7. The Opiates Mechanism of Action, Pharmacology, and Metabolism Exogenous Opiates Adverse Effects Uses Management of Opiate Detoxification and Withdrawal Treatment of Opiate Addiction Summary Study Questions 8. Marijuana, Hallucinogens, Phencyclidine, and Inhalants Marijuana The Hallucinogens Phencyclidine The Inhalants Summary Study Questions 9. The Antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Atypical and Dual-Action Antidepressants Bupropion Mirtazapine Trazodone and Nefazodone Venlafaxine Duloxetine Reboxetine Other Putative Mechanisms of Antidepressant Action Summary Study Questions 10. The Mood Stabilizers Lithium Carbamazepine Valproic Acid Lamotrigine Gabapentin Other Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers Topiramate Tiagabine Other Non-anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers Summary Study Questions 11. First and Second Generation Antipsychotics Typical or First-Generation Antipsychotics Atypical or Second-Generation Antipsychotics Drugs Used in the Treatment of Extrapyramidal Effects Summary Study Questions 12. The Neurobiology and Treatment of Dementia The Neurobiology of Dementia Alzheimer's Dementia Dementia with Lewy bodies Vascular Dementia Frontal-Temporal Dementia Other Dementias Cognitive Enhancers Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Tacrine Donepezil Rivastigamine Galantamine Other Approaches to the Treatment of Dementia Summary Study Questions 13. St. John's Wort, Gingko, Kava, Steroids, and Valerian St. John's Wort Ginkgo Kava Valerian Summary Study Questions Appendix 1: Electroconvulsive Therapy, Vagal Nerve Stimulation, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Electroconvulsive Therapy Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Vagal Nerve Stimulation Summary Study Questions Appendix 2: List of Alphabetized Generic Drug Names (with Trade Names in Parentheses) Appendix 3: List of Alphabetized Trade Drug Names (with Generic Names in Parentheses) Glossary