Table of Contents

The Normal Biopsy: Mucosa And Submucosa.- The Endoscopic Biopsy.- Elementary Lesions Of Inflammation.- Dysplasia.- Infections.- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.- Treatment Related Diseases.- Ischemic Colitis.- Diverticular Disease-Associated Colitis.- Eosinophilic Colitis.- Microscopic Colitis.- Drug-Induced Colitis.- Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome.- The Role Of Biopsies In The Treatment Of Colitis: Scoring Of Disease Activity.

About the Author

Karel Geboes

Board Certificate in internal medicine (1975) and anatomic pathology (1982). Professor emeritus of the University of Leuven and former head of the Gastrointestinal pathology unit of the department of pathology, University Hospital KULeuven. Member of the International Organization of Inflammatory bowel diseases and of the Consensus working party for the diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel disease of ESP and ECCO. Major research interests: inflammatory bowel diseases and gastrointestinal cancer. Author or co-author of more than 500 articles in international journals.

Some key references are:

Geboes K, Vantrappen G. The value of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Gastrointest Endosc 1975; 22: 18-23

Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, Kerremans R, Coenegrachts JL, Coremans G. Natural history of recurrent Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery. Gut 1984; 25: 665-672

Geboes K, Riddell R, Öst Ä, Jensfelt B, Persson T, Löfberg R. A reproducible grading scale for histological assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis. Gut 2000; 47: 404-9

Geboes K, Dalle I. Influence of treatment on morphological features of mucosal inflammation. Gut 2002; 50: Suppl 3:III37-42

Sonia Nemolato

Medical doctor degree (2005), board certificate in Anatomic Pathology (2011), Researcher at the University of Cagliari (2012). Major Research interests: thymosin beta 4, gastrointestinal and liver disease, metals in medicine. Author and co-author of more than 45 articles in international journals.

Some key references are:

Nemolato S, Cabras T, Restivo A, Zorcolo L, Di Felice E, Fanni D, et al. Thymosin ss4 expression in colorectal polyps and adenomas. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 2013;68(9):1220-4.

Nemolato S, Ekstrom J, Cabras T, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Di Felice E, et al. Immunoreactivity for thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 10 in the adult rat oro-gastro-intestinal tract. European journal of histochemistry : EJH. 2013;57(2):e17.

Nemolato S, Restivo A, Cabras T, Coni P, Zorcolo L, Orru G, et al. Thymosin beta 4 in colorectal cancer is localized predominantly at the invasion front in tumor cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition. Cancer Biol Ther. 2012;13(4):191-7.

Nemolato S, Messana I, Cabras T, Manconi B, Inzitari R, Fanali C, et al. Thymosin beta(4) and beta(10) levels in pre-term newborn oral cavity and foetal salivary glands evidence a switch of secretion during foetal development. PloS one. 2009;4(4):e5109.

Maria Leo

Head of the Graphic Unit of the Department of Surgery (2002-2007) and Head of the Graphic Department of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cagliari (2003-2010). Head of secretary's office of the Dean of Didactics of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cagliari (2011). Major research interests: graphic design in anatomy and human pathology, cardiovascular physiopathology.

Some key references are:

Mercuro G, Panzuto MG, Bina A, Leo M, Cabula R, Petrini L, et al. Cardiac function, physical exercise capacity, and quality of life during long-term thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine: effect of individual dose tailoring. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2000;85(1):159-64.

Seguro C, Sau F, Zedda N, Mura O, Montaldo C, Scano G, et al. [Hemodynamic assessment at rest and during dynamic physical exercise in young subjects with and without hypertensive parents]. Cardiologia (Rome, Italy). 1995;40(6):391-7.

Sau F, Seguro C, Lai C, Onnis E, Orani E, Soro A, et al. [The effect of nifedipine in hypertensive cardiopathy. An echocardiographic and electrocardiographic study]. Cardiologia (Rome, Italy). 1993;38(6):369-76.

Seguro C, Sau F, Lai C, Onnis E, Orani E, Soro A, et al. [The effect of nifedipine on arterial pressure and exercise tolerance in hypertensive patients]. Cardiologia (Rome, Italy). 1992;37(8):547-53.

Gavino Faa

Medical doctor degree (1977), board certificate in Anatomic Pathology (1980), Associate Professor in Pathology (1986) and Full Professor of Pathology (1994) at University of Cagliari. Head of the Department of Pathology of the University Teaching Hospital at the University of Cagliari (from 1994). Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cagliari (2002-2008). President of the Italian College of Full Professors in Pathology (2007-2009). Adjunct Professor at Temple University Philadelphia (2012-2014). Major Research interests: gastrointestinal and liver disease, metals in medicine, developmental pathology. Author and co-author of more than 200 articles in international journals and books.

Some key references are:

Faa G, Liguori C, Columbano A, Diaz G. Uneven copper distribution in the human newborn liver. Hepatology. 1987;7(5):838-42.

Faa G, Nurchi VM, Ravarino A, Fanni D, Nemolato S, Gerosa C, et al. Zinc in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Coordination chemistry reviews. 2008;252(10):1257-69.

Crisponi G, Nurchi VM, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Nemolato S, Faa G. Copper-related diseases: from chemistry to molecular pathology. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2010;254(7):876-89.

Faa G, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Nemolato S, van Eyken P, Fanos V. Factors influencing the development of a personal tailored microbiota in the neonate, with particular emphasis on antibiotic therapy. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine. 2013;26 Suppl 2:35-43.