Table of Contents

1. Background and Overview Part 1: The Need for Environmental and Natural Resource Policy 2. Causes of Environmental Degradation 3. The Evolution of Rights Part 2: Review of Policy Instruments 4. Direct Regulation of the Environment 5. Taxes 6. Tradable Permits 7. Subsidies, Deposit-Refund Schemes, and Refunded Emissions Payments 8. Property Rights, Legal Instruments, and Informational Policies Part 3: Selection of Policy Instruments 9. Efficiency of Policy Instruments 10. Role of Uncertainty and Asymmetric information 11. Equilibrium Effects and Market Conditions 12. Distribution of Costs 13. Politics and Enforcement of Policy Instruments 14. International Aspects and Climate Change 15. Design of Policy Instruments Part 4: Policy Instruments for Road Transportation 16. Environmental Damages Caused by Transportation and Road Pricing Vehicles 17. Taxation or Regulation for Fuel Efficiency 18. Fuel Quality Policies 19. Vehicle Standards, Urban Planning and Lessons Learned Part 5: Policy Instruments for Industrial Pollution 20. Global Climate Change: International, Domestic Policies and Carbon Markets 21. Experience in Developing Countries Part 6: Policy Instruments for the Management of Natural Resources and Ecosystems 22. Adapting Models to Ecosystems: Ecology, Time and Space 23. Water 24. Waste 25. Fisheries 26. Agriculture 27. Forestry 28. Ecosystems Part 7: Conclusion

About the Author

Thomas Sterner is a professor of environmental economics at the University of Gothenburg. He is a former president of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. He is the lead editor of the RFF Press-Environment for Development book series. Jessica Coria is a postdoc at the University of Gothenburg.