Table of Contents

PREFACE NOTE Part One WESTERN EUROPE BEFORE ISLAM I. THE CONTINUATION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN CIVILIZATION IN THE WEST AFTER THE GERMANIC INVASIONS 1. "Romania" before the Germans" 2. The Invasions 3. "The Germans in "Romania" 4. The Germanic States in the West 5. Justinian II. THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SITUATION AFTER THE INVASIONS AND THE MEDITERRANEAN NAVIGATION 1. Personal Property and the Soil 2. Navigation in the East. Syrians and Jews 3. Inland Commerce 4. Money and the Monetary Circulation III. INTELLECTUAL LIFE AFTER THE INVASIONS 1. The Tradition of Antiquity 2. The Church 3. Art 4. The Secular Character of Society CONCLUSION Part Two ISLAM AND THE CAROLINGIANS I. THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN 1. The Islamic Invasion 2. The closing of the Western Mediterranean 3. Venice and Byzantium II. THE CAROLINGIAN COUP D'ETAT AND THE VOLTE-FACE OF THE PAPACY 1. The Merovingian Decadance 2. The Carolingian Mayors of the Palace 3. "Italy, the Pope, and Byzantium. The volte-face of the Papacy" 4. The New Empire III. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 1. Economic and Social Organization 2. Political Organization 3. Intellectual Civilization CONCLUSION INDEX