Table of Contents

1. Defining treatment-resistant depression, difficult-to-treat depression, and staging treatment intensity
2. Clinical and epidemiological predictors of treatment-resistant depression
3. The economic burden of treatment-resistant depression: Cost-of-illness perspective
4. The neurobiology of treatmentresistant depression
5. Modeling treatment-resistant depression in the preclinical setting
6. Treatment algorithms for treatment-resistant depression
7. Tools to aid precision treatments to prevent or manage treatmentresistant depression (TRD): Pharmacogenomics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence
8. Tricyclic antidepressants for treatment-resistant depression
9. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors for treatment-resistant depression
10. Switching antidepressants in patients with treatment-resistant depression
11. Adjunctive strategies for treatment-resistant depression
12. Combining antidepressants to address treatment-resistant depression
13. Ketamine/esketamine for treatment-resistant depression
14. Psychedelic agents for treatmentresistant depression
15. Inflammation and treatment resistance: Mechanisms and treatment implications
16. Opioid agents for treatmentresistant depression
17. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
18. tDCS for treatment-resistant depression
19. ECT for treatment-resistant depression
20. MST for treatment-resistant depression
21. VNS for treatment-resistant depression
22. Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
23. Other neurosurgical interventions for treatment-resistant depression
24. Treatment-resistant psychotic depression
25. Evidence-based psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression
26. Treatment-resistant bipolar depression
27. Treatment-resistant depression in child and adolescents
28. Treatment-resistant depression in geriatrics
29. Identification and management of anxious depression in patients with treatment-resistant depression
30. Managing treatment-resistant depression with comorbid personality disorders
31. Managing treatment-resistant depression with comorbid substance use disorders
32. Managing treatment-resistant depression in the setting of chronic pain
33. Inhaled gases for treatmentresistant major depression
34. Drugs under investigation for treatment-resistant depression
35. Chronotherapeutics for treatmentresistant depression
36. Managing treatment resistant depression in primary care settings
37. Treatment-resistant depression in pregnancy, the postpartum period, and transition to menopause
38. Lifestyle interventions for treatment-resistant depression
39. Managing the risk of suicide in people with treatment-resistant depression
40. Maintaining motivation and preserving the therapeutic alliance as tools to overcome treatmentresistant depression

About the Author

João L. de Quevedo, MD, Ph.D., obtained his Medical Degree and completed residency training in Psychiatry, a fellowship in Psychopharmacology, and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences (Biochemistry), all from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. He is the John S. Dunn Distinguished Professor at the Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston). He also serves as Professor, Vice-Chair for Faculty Development and Outreach, Executive Director of the Center for Interventional Psychiatry, Chief of the Division of Interventional Psychiatry, Director of the Treatment-Resistant Depression Program, and Program Director of the Interventional Psychiatry Fellowship. Dr. Joao L. de Quevedo is an Associate Editor for Molecular Psychiatry, a Springer Nature journal.

Research profiles:

ResearcherID: E-5491-2013

Scopus Author ID: 56971689500

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6611

Dr. Patricio Riva-Posse, MD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Emory University School of Medicine. After completing his training in Neurology and in Psychiatry, he has focused his clinical and research work in the field of treatment resistant mood disorders. He is the Director of the Treatment Resistant Depression Clinic, and Director of Neuromodulation Services. He conducts research in invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation as well as novel pharmacological approaches. He is an investigator in NIH-funded project studying subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation. Born in Argentina, he earned his Medical Doctor degree from the Universidad de Buenos Aires. Dr. William V. Bobo, M.D., M.P.H., is Professor of Psychiatry at the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Chair, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology at Mayo Florida, where he also serves as the Medical Director for Leadership Development. His clinical and research interests are focused on the treatment of patients with refractory mood disorders and on examining and predicting the clinical effects — both beneficial and harmful--of medications used to treat people with severe mood disorders. He lives with his wife in Jacksonville, Florida.