Preface xi
Chapter 1. Physical Extraction Operations 1
1.1. Solid-solid and solid-fluid separation operations 1
1.2. Separation operations of the components of a fluid phase 5
1.3. Bibliography 12
Chapter 2. Hydrometallurgical Operations 15
2.1. Leaching and precipitation operations 15
2.2. Reactor models based on particle residence time distribution functions 24
2.3. Reactor models based on the population balance equation model 30
2.4. Solvent extraction operations 34
2.5. Bibliography 43
Chapter 3. Gas-solid and Solid-solid Reactors and Particle Conversion Operations 45
3.1. Overall presentation of gas-solid and solid-solid reactors 45
3.2. Gas-solid reactor hydrodynamic behavior and heat transfer between phases 47
3.3. The performance equations of gas-solid packed-bed reactors 55
3.4. The performance equations of fluidized-bed reactors 65
3.5. Solid-solid reactors 73
3.6. Bibliography 77
Chapter 4. Blast Furnaces 79
4.1. Overview of blast furnaces 79
4.2. Iron blast furnace 81
4.3. Ferromanganese blast furnace 109
4.4. Zinc blast furnace: the Imperial smelting furnace 114
4.5. Lead blast furnace 120
4.6. Bibliography 122
Chapter 5. Smelting Reduction Operations 125
5.1. Overview of smelting reduction operations 125
5.2. Production of (iron) “hot metal” by carbothermic smelting reduction 126
5.3. Tin and zinc smelting reduction operations 139
5.4. Magnetherm process 146
5.5. Bibliography 148
Chapter 6. Steelmaking Operations 151
6.1. Overview of steelmaking operations 151
6.2. Hot metal pretreatment operations 153
6.3. The hot metal converting operation 154
6.4. Stainless steelmaking operations 174
6.5. Ultra-low carbon steel-making operation 179
6.6. Bibliography 183
Chapter 7. Sulfide and Matte Smelting and Converting Operations 185
7.1. Overview of the operations and processes 185
7.2. Flash-smelting operations and processes 188
7.3. In-bath smelting and converting operations in bottom-blown converters 195
7.4. In-bath smelting and converting operations in top-blown converters 203
7.5. Top-submerged lance (TSL) blown converters: Ausmelt/Isasmelt process 208
7.6. Bibliography 213
Chapter 8. Electric Melting and Smelting Furnaces 217
8.1. Introduction 217
8.2. Performance of electric furnaces 220
8.3. Electric arc melting furnaces 235
8.4. Electric smelting reduction furnaces 240
8.5. Consumable-electrode remelting furnaces 257
8.6. Bibliography 261
Chapter 9. Molten Salt Electrolysis Operations 265
9.1. Overview of molten salt electrolysis operations 265
9.2. Chloride electrolysis 266
9.3. Reduction of alumina by electrolysis 271
9.4. Electro-reduction of metal oxides and deoxidation of metals by molten salt electrolysis 286
9.5. Bibliography 289
Chapter 10. Extractive Processing Routes 293
10.1. Features of extractive processing routes 293
10.2. Hot metal, steel and ferroalloys 296
10.3. Aluminum (gallium) 298
10.4. Copper and other valuable metals 300
10.5. Nickel (cobalt) 304
10.6. Zinc (cadmium, indium, germanium, gallium) 311
10.7. Lead (silver, gold, bismuth) 314
10.8. Tin 316
10.9. Magnesium 318
10.10. Titanium, zirconium and hafnium 318
10.11. Chromium 321
10.12. Molybdenum and tungsten 321
10.13. Niobium and tantalum 322
10.14. Gold 323
10.15. Metals belonging to the PGM 324
10.16. Silicon 324
10.17. Bibliography 325
List of Symbols 329
Index 341
Summaries of Other Volumes 353
Alain Vignes was Professor of Metallurgical Reaction Engineering at the School of Mines of Nancy in France, then Professor and Director of the Materials Research Center of the School of Mines of Paris. He was then Chief Metallurgist for the French Nuclear Power Company (today AREVA NP).
"The books are addressed to students in the field of metallurgy andto engineers facing the problem of metal and alloy development."(World of Metallurgy, 2011)
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