Table of Contents

About eBookPLUS ix How to use this book x Acknowledgements xii UNIT 1 Language Evolution 1 How and why does language evolve? 1 What do we mean when we say that language evolves? 3 Tuning in 3 1.1 Reading language from another era 4 How do I observe language change? 4 Wordsmith ... Adjectives and adverbs 9 1.2 Technology and language change 11 How has technology influenced language? 11 Wordsmith ... Writing an explanatory paragraph using analogies 15 1.3 The influence of other languages on English 16 How have other languages influenced English in the past? 16 Wordsmith ... Subjective and objective writing 22 How does popular culture introduce foreign words? 24 Compose and create 28 UNIT 2 Me, Myself and I 31 How does language influence a person?s identity? 31 What do we mean by ?language influencing identity?? 33 Getting started 33 2.1 Names, labels and identity 34 How do names affect our view of people and characters? 34 Wordsmith ... Using nouns 38 How are characters in ction named and introduced? 39 2.2 The teenage community 44 How does language influence teenage identities? 44 Wordsmith ... Audience and purpose 49 2.3 Spoken language in fiction and non-fiction 51 How does lost or hidden language affect identity? 51 Wordsmith ... Setting out dialogue in ction 56 Compose and create 58 UNIT 3 Constructing Effective texts 61 How does a writer construct effective texts for a variety of audiences and purposes? 61 What is a text? 63 Tuning in 63 3.1 Constructing imaginative texts 64 How do imaginative texts entertain their readers? 64 Wordsmith ... How writers use sentence structure and punctuation to help pace the reader 72 Imaginative texts with a more serious purpose 74 3.2 Constructing informative texts 78 How do informative texts inform their readers? 78 Other informative texts ? news reports 81 Wordsmith ... Using nominalisations 85 3.3 Experimenting with text structures and features 87 How can the same subject matter be used to create different text types? 87 Wordsmith ... Separating fact and opinion in expressing a viewpoint 93 Compose and create 94 UNIT 4 Crafting Character 97 How do writers make their characters come to life? 97 What do we mean by ?crafting character?? 99 Tuning in 99 4.1 Characters and self-discovery 100 How do characters help us to understand ourselves? 100 Wordsmith ... Writing dialogue to reveal character 106 4.2 Characters and their worlds 108 How do characters help us understand the world of the text? 108 Wordsmith ... Sentence structure and imagery 114 4.3 Characters and social commentary 116 How do writers craft characters to explore our culture, history and values? 116 Wordsmith ... Linking characters to values using analogies and ethical dilemmas 124 Compose and create 126 UNIT 5 Hearts and minds 129 How does the spoken word persuade? 129 Did you use rhetoric today? 131 Tuning in 131 5.1 Rhetoric in action 132 What is rhetoric and how can we recognise it? 132 Rhetoric in media texts ? advertisements 134 Wordsmith ... Using connotations to create rhetoric 137 Rhetoric in a feature article 138 5.2 Writing rhetoric 141 How do we use rhetoric when we write to in?? uence others? 141 Repetition 141 Repetition in speeches 143 Playing with hyperbole 144 Using metaphors and similes 145 Extending a metaphor 146 Figurative language in speeches 147 Wordsmith ... Working with irony 150 5.3 Persuasive speaking techniques 151 How can we speak to influence others? 151 What makes a great speech? 154 How have great writers such as Shakespeare used rhetoric? 157 Wordsmith ... Clauses 159 Compose and create 160 UNIT 6 Picture this 163 Why do visual texts have meaning? 163 What?s in a picture? 165 Tuning in 165 6.1 The idea of representation 166 What does an image mean? 168 Do the meanings of images change over time? 168 Cultural perspectives 168 Changing stereotypes 169 Old-fashioned heroes 170 The female hero 171 Wordsmith ... Storyboarding 173 6.2 ideas expressed in images 174 Are there universal truths? 174 Anime and good versus evil 174 Fear of the unfamiliar 176 Heroes and villains 177 Wordsmith ... Connotative language 178 6.3 Making meaning 179 How do images and words convey meaning? 179 Graphic novels and short stories 179 Words or images? 186 Wordsmith ... Comparing and contrasting 188 Compose and create 190 UNIT 7 Seriously funny 193 How does humour entertain and persuade within its historical, social and cultural context? 193 The power of laughter 195 Tuning in 195 7.1 Humour entertains 196 How do humorous texts entertain? 196 Wordsmith ... Using puns to create humour 199 Humorous media texts that entertain 201 7.2 Humour entertains and persuades 205 How do humorous texts persuade as well as entertain? 205 Wordsmith ... Creating spoofs with names 208 Satire persuades 209 7.3 Humour in context 212 How is humour part of its social, cultural and historical context? 212 Wordsmith ... Avoiding verbosity 217 Compose and create 218 Projects PLUS Persuasively speaking 222 Creating character 224 Glossary 226 Subject index 229 Author/Title index 232 221 Persuasively speaking 222 Creating character 224 Glossary 226 Subject index 229 Author/Title index 232