UNDERSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS OF SALT-AFFECTED SITES Basics of Salt-Affected Sites Overview and Classification of Salt-Affected Sites Causes Scope of Salinity Problems Successful Salinity Management Approach Saline Soils Overview Of Saline Soil Problems Total Soluble Salts (Total Salinity) Problems Ion Toxicities and Problem Ions Nutrients and Ion Imbalances Managing Saline Soils Sodic, Saline-Sodic, and Alkaline Soils Sodic Soil Problems Saline-Sodic Soils Acid-Sulfate Soils SITE ASSESSMENT BMPS FOR SALINE AND SODIC SOIL SITES Salinity Soil Tests and Interpretation Basics of Soil Sampling and Testing Salt-Affected Soil Test Packages Field Monitoring of Soil Salinity Routine Soil Test Methods Soil Testing SLAN Approach, Extractants, and Interpretation BCSR Approach, CEC Measurement, and Interpretation Water Extractable (SPE, Dilute) Nutrients/Ions Understanding the Soil Test Report Irrigation Water Quality Tests, Interpretation, and Selection Water Quality Testing General Water Quality Characteristics Total Soluble Salts (Total Salinity) Sodium Permeability Hazard Specific Ion Impact (Root Injury; Shoot Accumulation Injury) Direct Foliage Injury And Miscellaneous Problems Nutrients Trace Elements Irrigation Water Selection Summary Table Plant Analysis for Turfgrass Theory and Practice of Plant Analyses Sampling Sample Preparation Analysis of Sample Interpretation and Recommendations of Test Results Assessment for Salt Movement, Additions, and Retention Assessing Soil Physical Properties Drainage Assessment for Drainage Impediments Salinity Disposal Options Restricting Salt Additions Hydro-Geological Assessment for Protection of Surface and Ground Waters MANAGEMENT BMPS FOR SALINE AND SODIC SOILS SITES Selection of Turfgrass and Landscape Plants Plant Genetic and Physiological Responses to Salinity Turfgrass Salinity Tolerance Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms Landscape Plants and Salinity Tolerance Irrigation System Design and Maintenance for Poor Water Quality Irrigation System Distribution Efficiency is Critical on Salt-Affected Sites System Design Considerations for Managing Poor Quality Water Irrigation System Distribution Uniformity (Water Audit) Sites With Poorly Designed Irrigation Systems Irrigation Scheduling and Salinity Leaching Routine Irrigation Scheduling - Basics Factors Affecting Salinity Leaching Maintenance Leaching and Leaching Requirement (LR) Reclamation Leaching Pulse Irrigation and Other Water Application Methods Enhancing Effectiveness of Salt Leaching - Summary Salinity Management During Establishment Selection of Amendments Overview of Remediation Approaches in Sodic Situations Calcium Sources Acid Forming Materials + Lime Source Organic Amendments for Sodic Soil Reclamation Phytoremediation Amendment Application Options and Guidelines Amendment Application - Overview Irrigation Water Acidification Gypsum Requirement - Sodic Soils and Irrigation Water Injection Irrigation Water Blending and Salt Loads Cultivation, Topdressing, and Soil Modification Soil Physical Problems - Overview Cultivation on Saline and Sodic Soils - Guidelines Topdressing Soil Modification Drainage and Sand-Capping Drainage and Salinity Surface Drainage Subsurface Drainage Sand-Capping Salt-Affected Sites Nutritional Practices on Saline and Sodic Sites Nutrient/Ion Rich Irrigation Water - Challenges Monitoring Nutritional Status: Proactive or Reactive Saline Irrigation Water Nutritional Considerations Products, Labels, and Recommendations Summary Additional Cultural Practices Salinity and Associated Stresses on a Site Environmental Challenges and Management Traffic Stresses and Management Additional Amendments for Salinity Management Greens Management Considerations Biotic Stress X Salinity Interactions Proactive Monitoring of Progress Assessing Progress in BMP Salinity Management Practical Considerations for on-Going Monitoring Programs Criteria for Proactive Monitoring ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY Sustainable/Environmental Management Systems Sustainable Environmental Management Components of a Sustainable/EMS Plan on Salt-Affected Sites Common Sense Approach to Long Term Sustainability NON-TRADITIONAL USE OF TURFGRASSES ON SALT-AFFECTED SITES Reclamation, Drainage Water Reuse Schemes, and Halophytic Forage Sites Non-Traditional Uses of Halophytic Turfgrasses Reclamation and Site Assessment Grass Selection Issues Establishment Challenges and Methods Management Challenges and Considerations References Index
"This book is the latest from Drs. Carrow and Duncan, who have published and lectured extensively on soil salinity and sodicity issues and the management of such soils over the past 15 years or so. ... provides a comprehensive coverage of the nominated topic with twenty chapters organized sequentially under five section headings. ... Throughout the book, the authors are to be commended for highlighting links to related chapters and parts thereof. ... For both consultants and academics, there is much to like about this book. ... this is a book that many soil scientists and agronomists dealing with salt-affected sites the world over will find extremely useful, and one that we can wholeheartedly recommend for their bookshelves." -D. S. Loch, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, and R. J. Loch, Landloch Pty Ltd, Toowoomba, Australia, in Grass and Forage Science, 68, 606-607, 2013 "Drs. Carrow and Duncan have created an update to their previous book published in 1998 entitled Salt-Affected Turfgrass Sites. That book has been a staple for those studying plant and soil sciences relating to turfgrass management ... This new book includes greatly expanded sections on the basics of salt-affected sites, soil and water testing, soil chemistry and physical properties, plant responses, site management and reclamation. ... What could be a very densely written book packed with jargon is a reference that is a good combination of technical information and practical application. This makes the text usable by scientists in turfgrass management and practitioners in the field." -Paul G. Johnson, Vadose Zone Journal, November 2012 "Using the `best management practices' (BMP5) concept, their new book examines the complex issues around salinity management. presenting comprehensive scientific principles and detailing practical management and assessment recommendations for turfgrass and landscape sites. Their overriding message is that there is no `silver bullet' amendment, treatment, or grass tor salinity management and that only a holistic BMPs approach will be successful and sustainable." - AUSTRALIAN TURFGRASS, December 2011