The Western Heritage
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Table of Contents

Found in this Section:

1. Brief Table of Contents

2. Full Table of Contents

 

1. BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Documents  

Maps  

Preface  

About the Authors 

What Is the Western Heritage? 

 

PART 1: The Foundations of Western Civilization in the Ancient World to 400 C.E.

Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization 

Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization

Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece

Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire  

Chapter 5: The Roman Empire   

 

PART 2: The Middle Ages, 476 C.E.—1300 C.E.

Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476—1000)

Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000—1300)

Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000—1300)

 

PART 3: Europe in Transition, 1300—1750

Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300—1453)

Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery  

Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation

Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars   

Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century  

Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion  

 

PART 4: Enlightenment and Revolution, 1700—1850

Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought  

Chapter 18: The French Revolution 

Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism  

Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform (1815—1832)

Chapter 21: Economic Advance and Social Unrest (1830—1850)  

 

PART 5: Toward the Modern World, 1850—1939

Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States

Chapter 23: The Building of European Supremacy: Society and Politics to World War I 

Chapter 24: The Birth of Modern European Thought   

Chapter 25: The Age of Western Imperialism  

Chapter 26: Alliances, War, and a Troubled Peace

Chapter 27: The Interwar Years: The Challenge of Dictators and Depression  

 

PART 6: Global Conflict, Cold War, and New Directions, 1939—2012

Chapter 28: World War II

Chapter 29: The Cold War Era, Decolonization, and the Emergence of a New Europe

Chapter 30: Social, Cultural, and Economic Challenges in the West through the Present   

 

Glossary  

Index

2. FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Documents  

Maps  

Preface  

About the Authors 

What Is the Western Heritage? 

 

PART 1: The Foundations of Western Civilization in the Ancient World to 400 C.E.

Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization

Early Humans and Their Culture

The Paleolithic Age

The Neolithic Age   

The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization

Early Civilizations to about 1000 B.C.E.   

Mesopotamian Civilization  

Egyptian Civilization  

Ancient Near Eastern Empires   

The Hittites

The Assyrians

The Second Assyrian Empire

The Neo-Babylonians

The Persian Empire

Cyrus the Great  

Darius the Great

Government and Administration

Religion   

Art and Culture   

Palestine

The Canaanites and the Phoenicians   

The Israelites

The Jewish Religion  

General Outlook of Mideastern Cultures   

Humans and Nature  

Humans and the Gods, Law, and Justice  

Toward the Greeks and Western Thought  

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

BABYLONIAN WORLD MAP  

Divination in Ancient Mesopotamia  

The Great Flood  

 

Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization   

The Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to about 1150 B.C.E.   

The Minoans  

The Mycenaeans   

The Greek “Middle Ages” to about 750 B.C.E.  

Greek Migrations

The Age of Homer  

The Polis

Development of the Polis   

The Hoplite Phalanx  

The Importance of the Polis 

Expansion of the Greek World   

Magna Graecia   

The Greek Colony   

The Tyrants (about 700—500 B.C.E.)   

The Major States   

Sparta

Athens

Life in Archaic Greece

Society   

Religion   

Poetry

The Persian Wars   

The Ionian Rebellion 

The War in Greece

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

Greek Athletics   

THE TRIREME 

Greek Strategy in the Persian War  

 

Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece

Aftermath of Victory 

The Delian League  

The Rise of Cimon  

The First Peloponnesian War: Athens Against Sparta

The Breach with Sparta

The Division of Greece   

Classical Greece

The Athenian Empire 

Athenian Democracy 

The Women of Athens: Legal Status and Everyday Life

Slavery   

Religion in Public Life 

The Great Peloponnesian War

Causes

Strategic Stalemate 

The Fall of Athens  

Competition for Leadership in the Fourth Century B.C.E.  

The Hegemony of Sparta  

The Hegemony of Thebes: The Second Athenian Empire  

The Culture of Classical Greece

The Fifth Century B.C.E.   

The Fourth Century B.C.E.  

Philosophy and the Crisis of the Polis   

The Hellenistic World

The Macedonian Conquest  

Alexander the Great 

The Successors  

Hellenistic Culture  

Philosophy  

Literature   

Architecture and Sculpture  

Mathematics and Science

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

Going to Court in Athens   

Athenian Democracy–Pro and Con 

THE ERECHTHEUM: PORCH OF THE MAIDENS   

 

Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire

Prehistoric Italy  

The Etruscans

Government  

Religion   

Women

Dominion  

Royal Rome

Government  

The Family  

Women in Early Rome

Clientage

Patricians and Plebeians

The Republic 

Constitution  

The Conquest of Italy   

Rome and Carthage  

The Republic’s Conquest of the Hellenistic World  

Civilization in the Early Roman Republic   

Religion   

Education   

Slavery   

Roman Imperialism: The Late Republic  

The Aftermath of Conquest 

The Gracchi  

Marius and Sulla

The Fall of the Republic

Pompey, Crassus, Caesar, and Cicero  

The First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar and His Government of Rome 

The Second Triumvirate and the Triumph of Octavian   

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

LICTORS  

Two Roman Festivals: The Saturnalia and Lupercalia  

Did Caesar Want to Be King?

 

Chapter 5: The Roman Empire   

The Augustan Principate   

Administration

The Army and Defense

Religion and Morality

Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages  

The Late Republic  

The Age of Augustus

Imperial Rome, 14 to 180 C.E.   

The Emperors

The Administration of the Empire  

Women of the Upper Classes

Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House   

The Culture of the Early Empire

The Rise of Christianity  

Jesus of Nazareth  

Paul of Tarsus

Organization  

The Persecution of Christians   

The Emergence of Catholicism  

Rome as a Center of the Early Church  

The Crisis of the Third Century

Barbarian Invasions  

Economic Difficulties 

The Social Order

Civil Disorder 

The Late Empire

The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization

The Triumph of Christianity  

Arts and Letters in the Late Empire

The Preservation of Classical Culture   

Christian Writers

The Problem of the Decline and Fall of the Empire in the West  

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

SPOILS FROM JERUSALEM ON THE ARCH OF TITUS IN ROME

Chariot Racing

Christianity in the Roman Empire–Why Did the Romans Persecute the Christians?   Ancient Warfare   

 

PART 2: The Middle Ages, 476 C.E.—1300 C.E.

Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a New European Society and Culture (476—1000)  

The Byzantine Empire

The Reign of Justinian   

The Spread of Byzantine Christianity

Persians and Muslims

Islam and the Islamic World 

Muhammad’s Religion

Islamic Diversity

Islamic Empires   

Byzantium’s Contribution to Islamic Civilization   

The European Debt to Islam

On the Eve of the Frankish Ascendancy  

Germanic Migrations 

New Western Masters   

Western Society and the Developing Christian Church

Monastic Culture

The Doctrine of Papal Primacy  

The Religious Division of Christendom   

The Kingdom of the Franks: From Clovis to Charlemagne

Governing the Franks

The Reign of Charlemagne (768—814)   

Breakup of the Carolingian Kingdom 

Feudal Society

Origins

Vassalage and the Fief  

Daily Life and Religion

Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty 

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

The Battle of the Sexes in Christianity and Islam  

 A MULTICULTURAL BOOK COVER  

Medieval Cooking   

 

Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires and States (1000—1300)   

Otto I and the Revival of the Empire

Unifying Germany   

Embracing the Church   

The Reviving Catholic Church   

The Cluny Reform Movement

The Investiture Struggle: Gregory VII and Henry IV   

The Crusades

The Pontificate of Innocent III (r. 1198—1216)   

England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214)

William the Conqueror

Henry II   

Eleanor of Aquitaine and Court Culture

Baronial Revolt and Magna Carta  

Philip II Augustus   

France in the Thirteenth Century: The Reign of Louis IX  

Generosity Abroad  

Order and Excellence at Home  

The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152—1272)   

Frederick I Barbarossa   

Henry VI and the Sicilian Connection   

Otto IV and the Welf Interregnum  

Frederick II

Romanesque and Gothic Architecture   

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

EUROPEANS EMBRACE A BLACK SAINT  

Christian Jihad, Muslim Jihad Pilgrimages  

 

Chapter 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000—1300)

The Traditional Order of Life

Nobles

Clergy

Peasants

Towns and Townspeople   

The Chartering of Towns   

The Rise of Merchants   

Challenging the Old Lords  

New Models of Government 

Towns and Kings

Jews in Christian Society  

Schools and Universities   

University of Bologna

Cathedral Schools  

University of Paris  

The Curriculum   

Philosophy and Theology   

Women in Medieval Society 

Image and Status  

Life Choices  

Working Women  

The Lives of Children

Children as “Little Adults”  

Childhood as a Special Stage

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

THE JOYS AND PAINS OF THE MEDIEVAL JOUST

Children’s Games, Warrior Games  

Faith and Love in the High Middle Ages   

The Invention of Printing in China and Europe

 

PART 3: Europe in Transition, 1300—1750

Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300—1453)

The Black Death

Preconditions and Causes of the Plague  

Popular Remedies   

Social and Economic Consequences

New Conflicts and Opportunities   

The Hundred Years’ War and the Rise of National Sentiment

The Causes of the War  

Progress of the War

Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church

The Thirteenth-Century Papacy   

Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair   

The Avignon Papacy (1309—1377)  

John Wycliffe and John Huss

The Great Schism (1378—1417) and the Conciliar Movement in the Church to 1449

Medieval Russia  

Politics and Society  

Mongol Rule (1243—1480)  

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

A BURIAL SCENE FROM THE BLACK DEATH 

Dealing with Death

Who Runs the World: Priests or Princes?

 

Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery   

The Renaissance in Italy (1375—1527)

The Italian City-States  

Humanism   

High Renaissance Art

Slavery in the Renaissance   3

Italy’s Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494—1527)   

Charles VIII’s March Through Italy  

Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia Family

Pope Julius II 

Niccolò Machiavelli

Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe  

France

Spain 

England   

The Holy Roman Empire  

The Northern Renaissance

The Printing Press

Erasmus

Humanism and Reform

Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East

The Portuguese Chart the Course

The Spanish Voyages of Columbus  

The Spanish Empire in the New World  

The Church in Spanish America

The Economy of Exploitation

Mining

The Impact on Europe   

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

The Renaissance Garden   

LEONARDO PLOTS THE PERFECT MAN  

Is the “Renaissance Man” a Myth?  

 

Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation  

Society and Religion 

Social and Political Conflict  

Popular Religious Movements and Criticism of the Church 

Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525   

The Attack on Indulgences  

Election of Charles V

Luther’s Excommunication and the Diet of Worms 

Imperial Distractions: War with France and the Turks

How the Reformation Spread

The Peasants’ Revolt

The Reformation Elsewhere  

Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation  

Anabaptists and Radical Protestants

John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation  

Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation

The Diet of Augsburg

The Expansion of the Reformation  

Reaction Against Protestants   

The Peace of Augsburg  

The English Reformation to 1553

The Preconditions of Reform

The King’s Affair

The “Reformation Parliament”   

Wives of Henry VIII  

The King’s Religious Conservatism

The Protestant Reformation under Edward VI  

Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation  

Sources of Catholic Reform  

Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits  

The Council of Trent (1545—1563)  

The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe  

The Revolution in Religious Practices and Institutions

The Reformation and Education

The Reformation and the Changing Role of Women

Family Life in Early Modern Europe  

Later Marriages  

Arranged Marriages  

Family Size  

Birth Control  

Wet Nursing  

Loving Families?  

Literary Imagination in Transition  

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: Rejection of Idealism

William Shakespeare: Dramatist of the Age

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

A SAINT AT PEACE IN THE GRASP OF TEMPTATION   

A Raw Deal for the Common Man, or Just Desserts?   

Table Manners

 

Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars  

Renewed Religious Struggle

The French Wars of Religion (1562—1598)  

Appeal of Calvinism  

Catherine de Médicis and the Guises

The Rise to Power of Henry of Navarre

The Edict of Nantes 

Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556—1598) 

Pillars of Spanish Power

The Revolt in the Netherlands   

England and Spain (1553—1603)   

Mary I (r. 1553—1558)   

Elizabeth I (r. 1558—1603)

The Thirty Years’ War (1618—1648)

Preconditions for War

Four Periods of War  

The Treaty of Westphalia  

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

BAROQUE AND PLAIN CHURCH: ARCHITECTURAL REFLECTIONS OF BELIEF   

The Great Debate Over Religious Tolerance

Going to the Thea  

 

Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries  

The Netherlands: Golden Age to Decline  

Urban Prosperity

Economic Decline   

Two Models of European Political Development

Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England   

James I   

Charles I  

The Long Parliament and Civil War  

Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic

Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy  

The “Glorious Revolution”  

The Age of Walpole

Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France: The World of Louis XIV   

Years of Personal Rule   

Versailles

King by Divine Right  

Louis’s Early Wars  

Louis’s Repressive Religious Policies 

Louis’s Later Wars  

France After Louis XIV   

Central and Eastern Europe 

Poland: Absence of Strong Central Authority  

The Habsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction 

Prussia and the Hohenzollerns

Russia Enters the European Political Arena 

The Romanov Dynasty   

Peter the Great  

Russian Expansion in the Baltic: The Great Northern War 

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

Early Controversy Over Tobacco and Smoking

VERSAILLES  

The Debate over the Origin and Character of Political Authority  

 

Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

The Scientific Revolution   

Nicolaus Copernicus Rejects an Earth-Centered Universe 

Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler Make New Scientific Observations   

Galileo Galilei Argues for a Universe of Mathematical Laws

Isaac Newton Discovers the Laws of Gravitation  

Philosophy Responds to Changing Science 

Nature as Mechanism

Francis Bacon: The Empirical Method   

René Descartes: The Method of Rational Deduction   

Thomas Hobbes: Apologist for Absolute Government  

John Locke: Defender of Moderate Liberty and Toleration

The New Institutions of Expanding Natural Knowledge   

Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution

The New Science and Religious Faith   

The Case of Galileo  

Blaise Pascal: Reason and Faith   

The English Approach to Science and Religion

Continuing Superstition  

Witch Hunts and Panic  

Village Origins

Influence of the Clergy  

Who Were the Witches?   

End of the Witch Hunts

Baroque Art

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

THE SCIENCES AND THE ARTS  

Descartes and Swift Debate the Scientific Enterprise

Midwives

 

Chapter 15: Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century

Major Features of Life in the Old Regime  

Maintenance of Tradition  

Hierarchy and Privilege  

The Aristocracy  

Varieties of Aristocratic Privilege  

Aristocratic Resurgence

The Land and Its Tillers

Peasants and Serfs  

Aristocratic Domination of the Countryside: The English Game Laws

Family Structures and the Family Economy

Households

The Family Economy 

Women and the Family Economy  

Children and the World of the Family Economy   

The Revolution in Agriculture

New Crops and New Methods   

Expansion of the Population 

The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth

Century   

A Revolution in Consumption

Industrial Leadership of Great Britain   

New Methods of Textile Production 

The Steam Engine  

Iron Production   

The Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions on Working Women

The Growth of Cities 

Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization   

Urban Classes

The Urban Riot   

The Jewish Population: The Age of the Ghetto   

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

AN ARISTOCRATIC COUPLE  

Two Eighteenth-Century Writers Contemplate the Effects of Different Economic Structures

Water, Washing, and Bathing   

 

Chapter 16: The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion  

Periods of European Overseas Empires

Mercantile Empires

Mercantilist Goals   

French—British Rivalry

The Spanish Colonial System

Colonial Government

Trade Regulation

Colonial Reform under the Spanish Bourbon Monarchs

Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy

The African Presence in the Americas  

Slavery and the Transatlantic Economy  

The Experience of Slavery

Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars   

The War of Jenkins’s Ear

The War of the Austrian Succession (1740—1748) 

The “Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756

The Seven Years’ War (1756—1763)

The American Revolution and Europe   

Resistance to the Imperial Search for Revenue   

The Crisis and Independence

American Political Ideas

Events in Great Britain   

Broader Impact of the American Revolution

In Perspective

Key Terms

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

Sugar Enters the Western Diet

A SUGAR PLANTATION IN THE WEST INDIES   

The Atlantic Passage   

The Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture  

 

PART 4: Enlightenment and Revolution, 1700—1850

Chapter 17: The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought

Formative Influences on the Enlightenment

The Emergence of a Print Culture

The Philosophes  

Philosophes and Patrons   

The Enlightenment and Religion

Deism 

Toleration   

Radical Enlightenment Criticism of Christianity

The Limits of Toleration

The Jewish Enlightenment

The Enlightenment and Society

The Encyclopedia: Freedom and Economic Improvement  

Beccaria and Reform of Criminal Law

The Physiocrats and Economic Freedom  

Adam Smith on Economic Growth and Social Progress   

Political Thought of the Philosophes

Montesquieu and Spirit of the Laws

Rousseau: A Radical Critique of Modern Society

Enlightened Critics of European Empires

Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment

Rococo and Neoclassical Styles in Eighteenth-Century Art

Enlightened Absolutism  

Frederick the Great of Prussia   

Joseph II of Austria  

Catherine the Great of Russia

The Partitions of Poland

The End of the Eighteenth Century in Central and Eastern Europe   

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

Coffeehouses and Enlightenment  

AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ARTIST APPEALS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD

Maria Theresa and Joseph II of Austria Debate Toleration

 

Chapter 18: The French Revolution

The Crisis of the French Monarchy 

The Monarchy Seeks New Taxes  

Necker’s Report  

Calonne’s Reform Plan and the Assembly of Notables  

Deadlock and the Calling of the Estates General

The Revolution of 1789  

The Estates General Becomes the National Assembly

Fall of the Bastille  

The “Great Fear” and the Night of August 4   

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen  

The Parisian Women’s March on Versailles  

The Reconstruction of France   

Political Reorganization  

Economic Policy  

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy 

Counterrevolutionary Activity   

The End of the Monarchy: A Second Revolution

Emergence of the Jacobins  

The Convention and the Role of the Sans-culottes

Europe at War with the Revolution 

Edmund Burke Attacks the Revolution  

Suppression of Reform in Britain   

The Second and Third Partitions of Poland, 1793, 1795

The Reign of Terror  

War with Europe

The Republic Defended  

The “Republic of Virtue” and Robespierre’s Justification of Terror

Repression of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women

De-Christianization

Revolutionary Tribunals  

The End of the Terror

The Thermidorian Reaction  

Establishment of the Directory  

Removal of the Sans-culottes from Political Life

In Perspective

Key Terms  

Review Questions   

Suggested Readings 

MyHistoryLab Media Assignments

CHALLENGING THE FRENCH POLITICAL ORDER

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Opens the Door for Disadvantaged Groups to Demand Equal Civic Rights

The Metric System

 

Chapter 19: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Early Military Victories   

The Constitution of the Year VIII

The Consulate in France (1799—1804)

Suppressing Foreign Enemies and Domestic Opposition  

Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church

The Napoleonic Code

Establishing a Dynasty   

The Haitian Revolution (1791—1804)

Napoleon’s Empire (1804—1814)

Conquering an Empire

The Continental System

European Response to the Empire

German Nationalism and Prussian Reform

The Wars of Liberation  

The Invasion of Russia   

European Coalition

The Congress of Vienna and the European Settlement  

Territorial Adjustments  

The Hundred Days and the Quadruple Alliance

The Romantic Movement   

Romantic Questioning of the Supremacy of Reason

Rousseau and Education   

Kant and Reason

Romantic Literature  

English Romantic Writers   

The German Romantic Writers   

Romantic Art 

The Cult of the Middle Ages and Neo-Gothicism  

Nature and the Sublime

Religion in the Romantic Period  

Methodism  

New Directions in Continental Religion  

Romantic Views of Nationalism and History 

Herder and Culture

Hegel and History

Islam, the Middle East, and Romanticism

In Perspective

Key Terms  

About the Author

DONALD KAGAN is Sterling Professor of History and Classics at Yale University, where he has taught since 1969. He received the A.B. degree in history from Brooklyn College, the M.A. in classics from Brown University, and the Ph.D. in history from Ohio State University. During 1958 to 1959 he studied at the American School of Classical Studies as a Fulbright Scholar. He has received three awards for undergraduate teaching at Cornell and Yale. He is the author of a history of Greek political thought, The Great Dialogue (1965); a four-volume history of the Peloponnesian war, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (1969); The Archidamian War (1974); The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (1981); The Fall of the Athenian Empire (1987); and a biography of Pericles, Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy (1991); On the Origins of War (1995) and The Peloponnesian War (2003). He is coauthor, with Frederick W. Kagan, of While America Sleeps (2000). With Brian Tierney and L. Pearce Williams, he is the editor of Great Issues in Western Civilization, a collection of readings. He was awarded the Na-tional Humanities Medal for 2002 and was chosen by the National Endowment for the Humani-ties to deliver the Jefferson Lecture in 2004.

 

STEVEN OZMENT is McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History at Harvard Univer-sity. He has taught Western Civilization at Yale, Stanford, and Harvard. He is the author of eleven books. The Age of Reform, 1250—1550 (1980) won the Schaff Prize and was nominated for the 1981 National Book Award. Five of his books have been selections of the History Book Club: Magdalena and Balthasar: An Intimate Portrait of Life in Sixteenth Century Europe (1986), Three Behaim Boys: Growing Up in Early Modern Germany (1990), Protestants: The Birth of a Revolution (1992), The Burgermeister’s Daughter: Scandal in a Sixteenth Century German Town (1996), and Flesh and Spirit: Private Life in Early Modern Germany (1999). His most recent publications are Ancestors: The Loving Family of Old Europe (2001), A Mighty For-tress: A New History of the German People (2004), and “Why We Study Western Civ,” The Pub-lic Interest, 158 (2005).

 

FRANK M. TURNER is John Hay Whitney Professor of History at Yale University and Direc-tor of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, where he served as University Provost from 1988 to 1992. He received his B.A. degree at the College of William and Mary and his Ph.D. from Yale. He has received the Yale College Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching. He has directed a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute. His scholarly research has received the support of fellowships from the National En-dowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson Center. He is the author of Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (1974), The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (1981), which received the British Council Prize of the Conference on British Studies and the Yale Press Governors Award, Contesting Cultural Authority: Essays in Victorian Intellectual Life (1993), and John Henry Newman: The Challenge to Evangelical Religion (2002). He has also contributed numerous arti-cles to journals and has served on the editorial advisory boards of The Journal of Modern His-tory, Isis, and Victorian Studies. He edited The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman (1996), Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke (2003), and Apologia Pro Vita Sua and Six Sermons by John Henry Newman (2008). Between 1996 and 2006 he served as a Trustee of Connecticut College and between 2004 and 2008 as a member of the Connecticut Humanities Council. In 2003, Professor Turner was appointed Director of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.

 

ALISON FRANK is professor of history at Harvard University. She is interested in transnational approaches to the history of Central and Eastern Europe, particularly the Habsburg Empire and its successor states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Her first book, Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia (2005), was awarded the Barbara Jelavich Book Prize, the Austrian Cultural Forum Book Prize, and was co-winner of the Polish Studies Association's Orbis Prize in Polish Studies. Her current book project, Invisible Empire: A New Global History of Austria, focuses on the Adriatic port city of Trieste and the Habsburg Monarchy's participation in global commerce in the long nineteenth century. Other interests include the Eastern Alps, the Mediterranean slave trade, and environmental history. She is associate director of the Center for History and Economics.

Reviews

“The book's greatest strength is how succinct it is. It covers all of the major topics in a clean and organized manner.”          -Derrick Griffey, Gadsden State Community College “Accessible and to the point without diluting history or talking down to students.”          -Sigrun Haude, University of Cincinnati “The most comprehensive treatment...that I know, delivered in a very detailed and intelligent prose, but also with a lot of attractive lively features, such as primary sources, timelines, maps, review questions and so forth. “          -Patricia Behre, Fairfield University “Students like the book, and easily extract from it what the authors (and the instructors) intend them too.”          -Hans Broedel, University of North Dakota “The text has (very) good chapter organization and the content is solid. The intro page to each chapter is helpful (for) previewing major chapter developments and outlining the key topics.”          -Jean Glockler, Moraine Valley Community College “The selected documents, pictures, maps, and other supplements are wonderful tools for all readers. In short, it is an excellent work for college students.”          -Margarita Youngo, Pima Community College

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