"Is Google making us stupid?" When Nicholas Carr posed that question, in a celebrated Atlantic Monthly cover story, he tapped into a well of anxiety about how the Internet is changing us. He also crystallized one of the most important debates of our time: As we enjoy the Net's bounties, are we sacrificing our ability to read and think deeply? Now, Carr expands his argument into the most compelling exploration of the Internet's intellectual and cultural consequences yet published. As he describes how human thought has been shaped through the centuries by "tools of the mind"--from the alphabet to maps, to the printing press, the clock, and the computer--Carr interweaves a fascinating account of recent discoveries in neuroscience by such pioneers as Michael Merzenich and Eric Kandel. Our brains, the historical and scientific evidence reveals, change in response to our experiences. The technologies we use to find, store, and share information can literally reroute our neural pathways. Building on the insights of thinkers from Plato to McLuhan, Carr makes a convincing case that every information technology carries an intellectual ethic--a set of assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence. He explains how the printed book served to focus our attention, promoting deep and creative thought. In stark contrast, the Internet encourages the rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources. Its ethic is that of the industrialist, an ethic of speed and efficiency, of optimized production and consumption--and now the Net is remaking us in its own image. We are becoming ever more adept at scanning and skimming, but what we are losing is our capacity for concentration, contemplation, and reflection. Part intellectual history, part popular science, and part cultural criticism, The Shallows sparkles with memorable vignettes--Friedrich Nietzsche wrestling with a typewriter, Sigmund Freud dissecting the brains of sea creatures, Nathaniel Hawthorne contemplating the thunderous approach of a steam locomotive--even as it plumbs profound questions about the state of our modern psyche. This is a book that will forever alter the way we think about media and our minds.
Reviews
The best book I read last year and by best I really just mean the book that made the strongest impression on me was The Shallows, by Nicholas Carr. Like most people, I had some strong intuitions about how my life and the world have been changing in response to the Internet. But I could neither put those intuitions into an argument, nor be sure that they had any basis in the first place. Carr persuasively and with great subtlety and beauty makes the case that it is not only the content of our thoughts that are radically altered by phones and computers, but the structure of our brains our ability to have certain kinds of thoughts and experiences. And the kinds of thoughts and experiences at stake are those that have defined our humanity. Carr is not a proselytizer, and he is no techno-troglodyte. He is a profoundly sharp thinker and writer equal parts journalist, psychologist, popular science writer, and philosopher. I have not only given this book to numerous friends, I actually changed
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– Customer review on 08/11/2010
For those sci-fi fans out there who are also Trekkies, "We are become as the Binars!" For those without the background to understand, here's a quick primer: The race of entities that create the supercomputers that run the Star Trwek starships are called the Binars. They are so enmeshed with their technology that when the master computer on their homeworld begins to fail, they hijack the USS Enterprise in order to 'borrow' the processing capabilities of the ships computer long enough to allow them time to repair the master computer and save their race.
The Binars' very mental architecture has evolved over the millenia that it can no longer fit in the organic brain alone - and needs to be partly virtualised... without it, they die. Their autonomic systems - the 'automatic brain' that contyrols their physical body is now entirely in the machine realm, leaving their entire brain structure for cognitive thought. This book highlights some of the early, but far less extreme, signs that we may be heading the same way.
In the days before internet, when TV was new and the radio was still the first thing you thought of when someone said "wireless", we were required to carry our knowledge in our heads. Being able to confront an unknown situation meant having a wide and varied knowledge base at our immediate grasp, and the ability to think our way through how best to use what was available at the time - the ultimate MacGyver. Nowdays, all you need is a cellphopne with 3G and a few dollars to pay for the data transfer. Why 'know' anything, when everything is just a few clicks away? And after you have used that knowledge, why store it, when it's already stored online where youm can find it again whenever you need it?
These days, to be 'intelligent' requires only that you know what to type into Google, and the dexterity to click a few links.
This book shows us that we are becoming too reliant on our 'information superhighway' technology - generation by generation, we are losing the abilty to think for ourselves, store useful knowledge and experience, and become little more than drones. However, what this book does NOT do, is tell us that the technology is evil, irreparably harmful, or unnecessary. It's merely a beacon, warning us of the shallows we are wallowing towards. If we are to save ourselves from a potentially lethal flaw - being bound to a technology that is still fragile enough to be made useless by warfare or catastrophic natural disaster (think about how badly affected New Orleans was after the tsunami, where a lack of communication cost more lives) - we need to rely on the internet less, and our brains more. Once the knowledge is in your head, work at keeping it there. Learn from books, hands-on experience, experimentation... all the other ways that raised us to this level and are not so electricity-dependent.
Overall, this book is a wake-up call to the 21st Century - Be aware of the limitations of the technology, and how over-dependence on it could prove dangerous. Be aware of your mental accuity, and work to protect and enhance it. Most of all, be aware of your depth-of-self - your level of interaction with the real world, instead of the shallow world of online society, where 'you' is only screen-deep.
This review, and many more, can be found at: http://www.kiwireviews.co.nz/review/2697/fishpond
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