Table of Contents

Editorial 05
Helen Castle

About the Guest-Editor 06
Patrik Schumacher

Introduction Parametricism 2.0: Gearing Up to Impact the Global Built Environment 08
Patrik Schumacher

Parametric Computation: History and Future 18
John Frazer

Parametric Notations: The Birth of the Non-Standard 24
Mario Carpo

Antoni Gaudí and Frei Otto: Essential Precursors to the Parametricism Manifesto 30
Mark Burry

Behavioural

Complexity: Constructing Frameworks for Human–Machine Ecologies 36
Theodore Spyropoulos

Upgrading Computational Design 44
Shajay Bhooshan

Behavioural Production: Autonomous Swarm-Constructed Architecture 54
Robert Stuart-Smith

The Art of the Prototypical 60
Marc Fornes

Parametricism’s Structural Congeniality 68
Philippe Block

Computational Material Culture 76
Achim Menges

Relational Urban Models: Parameters, Values and Tacit Forms of Algorithms 84
Enriqueta Llabres and Eduardo Rico

Parametric Regionalism 92
Philip Yuan

‘Super-Natural’Parametricism in Product Design 100
Ross Lovegrove

Advancing Social Functionality Via Agent-Based Parametric Semiology 108
Patrik Schumacher

Hegemonic Parametricism Delivers a Market-Based Urban Order 114
Patrik Schumacher

Parametrising the Social 124
Manuel DeLanda

Counterpoint: A Hospice for Parametricism 128
Mark Foster Gage

Contributors 134

About the Author

Patrik Schumacher has been a designer at Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) since 1988. He is a partner of the practice as well as a co-author of all major projects such as the MAXXI: Museum of XXI Century Arts (Rome, 2009), Guangzhou Opera House (China, 2010), Heydar Aliyev Centre (Baku, Azerbaijan, 2007–) and the Dongdaemun Design Park and Plaza (Seoul, 2014). He has been teaching at various architectural schools in the UK, continental Europe and the US since 1992, and held the John Portman Chair in Architecture at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design (GSD) in 2013. He is founder of the AA Design Research Laboratory (AA DRL), where he has continued to teach since 1996. In 2010 and 2012 he published the two volumes of his theoretical magnum opus The Autopoiesis of Architecture with John Wiley & Sons.