Overfishing http://www.fishpond.co.nz/Books/Overfishing-Ray-Hilborn-Ulrike-Hilborn/9780199798148

What Everyone Needs to Know

By Ray Hilborn, Ulrike Hilborn

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Table of Contents

PREFACE ; CHAPTER 1: OVERFISHING ; WHAT IS OVERFISHING? ; WHAT IS A SUSTAINABLE HARVEST? ; CAN FISHERIES BE SUSTAINABLY HARVESTED? ; IS OVERFISHING A NEW PROBLEM? ; WHY DOES SUSTAINABLE FISHING REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FISH IN THE OCEAN? ; WHAT IS A COLLAPSED FISHERY? ; I HAVE HEARD STORIES OF THE CANADIAN COD, WHAT HAPPENED? ; WHY DID THE CANADIAN COD COLLAPSE? ; ARE ALL COD FISHERIES COLLAPSED? ; CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL OVERFISHING ; IS OVERFISHING A NEW PROBLEM? ; CAN WHALES BE SUSTAINABLY HARVESTED? ; HOW DO WE ESTIMATE THE ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS IN THE OCEAN? ; CAN SCIENTISTS ESTIMATE THE SUSTAINABLE YIELD? ; IS THERE ANY VALUE IN JAPANESE <"RESEARCH WHALING>"? ; IS DEPLETING ONE POPULATION AND MOVING ONTO THE NEXT A COMMON PROBLEM? ; CHAPTER 3 : RECOVERY OF FISHERIES ; CAN FISH STOCKS RECOVER FROM OVERFISHING? ; HOW IMPORTANT IS HABITAT TO FISH POPULATIONS? ; WHAT ABOUT THE ENORMOUS NUMBERS SEEN BY JOHN SMITH? ; WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RECRUITMENT OVERFISHING AND GROWTH OVERFISHING? ; CAN RECREATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES CO-EXIST? ; CHAPTER 4: MODERN INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ; WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A WELL-MANAGED FISHERY? ; WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE POLLOCK FISHERY THAT MAKES IT SUCH A GOOD EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT? ; WHY DOES THE ALLOWABLE CATCH CHANGE SO MUCH FROM YEAR TO YEAR? ; WHAT IS A STOCK ASSESSMENT? ; WHAT IS AN OBSERVER PROGRAM? ; WHY ARE THERE NOT MORE OBSERVER PROGRAMS IN WORLD FISHERIES? ; WHAT IS A CERTIFIED FISHERY? ; WHY DO SOME NGOS BELIEVE THE EASTERN BERING SEA POLLOCK FISHERY IS NOT WELL MANAGED? ; CHAPTER 5: ECONOMIC OVERFISHING ; IS OVERFISHING ONLY A BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM? ; WHAT ARE INDIVIDUAL FISHERMEN'S QUOTAS, THE IFQS? ; WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF IFQS? ; WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF IFQS? ; WHAT IS ECONOMIC OVERFISHING? ; HOW ECONOMICALLY EFFICIENT ARE WORLD FISHERIES IN GENERAL? ; HOW DO WE PREVENT ECONOMIC OVERFISHING? ; ARE THERE WAYS TO PREVENT THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS WITHOUT PRIVATIZING FISHERIES? ; WHAT ARE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT QUOTAS? ; HOW DOES SECTOR ALLOCATION WORK? ; WHAT OTHER MECHANISMS HAVE BEEN USED TO ALLOCATE FISH? ; CHAPTER 6: CLIMATE AND FISHERIES ; HOW DOES CLIMATE AFFECT FISH POPULATIONS? ; ARE MANY FISHERIES AFFECTED BY CLIMATE? ; HOW CAN WE TELL IF A FISHERY IS DECLINING BECAUSE OF CLIMATE OR FISHING PRESSURE? ; WHAT ARE GOING TO BE THE IMPACTS ON FISHERIES FROM A WARMING OCEAN? ; WHAT WILL BE THE IMPACTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? ; CHAPTER 7: MIXED FISHERIES ; DO FISHERIES CATCH ONE SPECIES OR MORE? ; WHAT DETERMINES HOW HARD A FISH SPECIES CAN BE HARVESTED? ; HOW DO WE BALANCE HARVESTING HIGH- AND LOW-PRODUCTIVITY SPECIES IN MIXED FISHERIES? ; WHAT IS <"UNDERFISHING"? ; IS IT BETTER TO GIVE UP POTENTIAL YIELD OF PRODUCTIVE SPECIES TO KEEP UNPRODUCTIVE SPECIES AT HIGH ABUNDANCE? ; HOW CAN WE MANAGE FISHERIES TO REDUCE THE MIXED NATURE OF THE FISHERY? ; CHAPTER 8: HIGH SEAS FISHERIES ; WHAT IS THE STATUS OF BLUEFIN TUNA THAT WERE PROPOSED FOR CITES LISTING? ; WHAT IS THE STATUS OF TUNA AROUND THE WORLD? ; ARE THERE EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFUL? ; WHY ARE SOME TUNA STOCKS UNDER-EXPLOITED AND OTHERS OVEREXPLOITED? ; IS THERE HOPE FOR MANAGING THESE HIGH-SEAS FISHERIES? ; CHAPTER 9: DEEPWATER FISHERIES ; WE HEAR A LOT ABOUT THE COLLAPSE OF ORANGE ROUGHY STOCKS - WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM? ; CAN VERY SLOW GROWING FISH LIKE ORANGE ROUGHY BE SUSTAINABLY MANAGED? ; WHAT IS THE EXPERIENCE WITH ORANGE ROUGHY IN OTHER COUNTRIES? ; DOES CLOSING LARGE SECTIONS OF NEW ZEALAND'S ECONOMIC ZONE ASSURE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ORANGE ROUGHY? ; SHOULD WE HAVE LEFT POTENTIAL ORANGE ROUGHY STOCKS UNFISHED UNTIL WE KNOW MORE ABOUT THEIR BIOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM? ; HOW SHOULD WE DEAL WITH NEW RESOURCES WHEN THEIR BIOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY IS HIGHLY UNCERTAIN? ; CHAPTER 10: RECREATIONAL FISHERIES ; ARE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIES? ; WHAT IS THE SCALE OF RECREATIONAL FISHING IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE? ; HOW DOES RECREATIONAL FISH MANAGEMENT DIFFER FROM MANAGING COMMERCIAL FISHERIES? ; HOW DOES FRESHWATER RECREATIONAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT DIFFER FROM SALTWATER RECREATIONAL FISHERIES? ; DOES RECREATIONAL FISHING PLAY A ROLE IN OVERFISHING? ; CHAPTER 11: SMALL SCALE AND ARTISANAL FISHERIES ; MANY OF THE FISHERIES OF THE WORLD ARE SMALL SCALE - HOW CAN THEY BE MANAGED? ; IS CHILE TYPICAL OF SMALL SCALE FISHERIES? ; HOW WERE FISHERIES MANAGED PRIOR TO MODERN GOVERNMENTAL FISHERIES AGENCIES? ; WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRITORIAL FISHING RIGHTS? ; WHAT ARE THE GENERAL LESSONS FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF SMALL SCALE FISHERIES? ; CHAPTER 12: ILLEGAL FISHING ; IS ILLEGAL FISHING AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM IN OVERFISHING? ; IS THE ILLEGAL FISHING OF PATAGONIAN TOOTHFISH UNUSUAL? ; HOW CAN SOME TOOTHFISH FISHERIES BE CERTIFIED AS WELL-MANAGED WHILE THERE REMAINS SUBSTANTIAL ILLEGAL HARVESTING? ; WHAT METHODS CAN BE USED TO REDUCE ILLEGAL FISHING IN INTERNATIONAL WATERS? ; CHAPTER 13: TRAWLING IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS ; HOW DO TRAWLS AND DREDGES WORK AND WHY ARE THEY STILL USED TO CATCH FISH? ; IS TRAWLING THE OCEAN LIKE CLEAR-CUTTING THE FOREST? ; HOW LONG DO ECOSYSTEMS TAKE TO RECOVER FROM TRAWLING? ; ARE THERE ALTERNATIVES TO TRAWLING AND DREDGING AS WAYS TO CATCH FISH? ; CHAPTER 14: MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ; WHAT ARE MARINE PROTECTED AREAS? ; WHAT DO MARINE PROTECTED AREAS PROTECT? ; HOW MUCH OF THE WORLD'S OCEANS ARE NOW CLOSED TO FISHING? ; WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF CLOSING AREAS TO FISHING? ; DO MPAS INCREASE THE ABUNDANCE OF FISH? ; CAN MPAS SOLVE SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF OVERFISHING? ; HOW MUCH OF THE OCEAN SHOULD BE SET ASIDE AS PROTECTED FROM FISHING? ; CHAPTER 15: ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS OF FISHING ; HOW DOES OVERFISHING AFFECT ECOSYSTEMS? ; ARE CORAL REEFS PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO FISHING? ; WHAT IS A TROPHIC CASCADE? ; DO FORAGE FISH NEED SPECIAL PROTECTION? ; WHAT IS BY-CATCH AND HOW IMPORTANT IS IT? ; HOW DOES ECOSYSTEM BASED MANAGEMENT DIFFER FROM SINGLE SPECIES MANAGEMENT? ; WHAT IS THE PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT? ; HOW MANY MARINE FISH SPECIES ARE THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION? ; CHAPTER 16: THE STATUS OF OVERFISHING ; ARE THE WORLD'S STOCKS OVERFISHED? ; WHAT CHARACTERIZES COUNTRIES THAT HAVE MANAGED THEIR FISHERIES WELL AND THOSE THAT HAVE NOT? ; HOW IMPORTANT ARE SUBSIDIES IN THE CURRENT PROBLEM WITH FISHERIES? ; IS CONSUMER ACTION AND CERTIFICATION AN IMPORTANT PART OF STOPPING OVERFISHING? ; HOW DO THE ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS OF FISHING COMPARE TO THOSE OF LIVESTOCK? ; SHOULD WE ALL BECOME VEGETARIANS? ; WHAT IS NEEDED TO STOP OVERFISHING? ; FURTHER READING ; INDEX

About the Author

Ray Hilborn is Professor in the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington. Ulrike Hilborn is a writer and has worked with her husband, Ray, for 37 years.

Reviews

Ray Hilborn (Univ. of Washington), a well-known fishery biologist, presents a comprehensive analysis of the overfishing problem, and he correctly points out that many species are not being overfished. J. C. Briggs, CHOICE