In this book you'll learn how to: * Build a secure network using security controls * Secure network perimeters * Implement secure management and harden routers * Implement network security policies using Cisco IOS firewalls * Understand cryptographic services * Deploy IPsec virtual private networks (VPNs) * Secure networks with Cisco IOS(R) IPS * Protect switch infrastructures * Secure endpoint devices, storage area networks (SANs), and voice networks WRITTEN BY A LEADING EXPERT: Eric Stewart is a self-employed network security contractor who finds his home in Ottawa, Canada. Eric has more than 20 years of experience in the information technology field, the last 12 years focusing primarily on Cisco(R) routers, switches, VPN concentrators, and security appliances. The majority of Eric's consulting work has been in the implementation of major security infrastructure initiatives and architectural reviews with the Canadian Federal Government. Eric is a certified Cisco instructor teaching Cisco CCNA, CCNP(R), and CCSP(R) curriculum to students throughout North America and the world. CD Features MeasureUp Practice Questions! * This book includes a CD-ROM that features: * Practice exams with complete coverage of CCNA(R) Security exam topics * Detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers * Multiple exam modes * Flash Card format * An electronic copy of the book informit.com/examcram ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-3800-4 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3800-7

Table of Contents

Introduction... 1 Organization and Elements of This Book. 1 Contacting the Author. 4 Self Assessment... 5 Who Is a CCNA Security?.. 5 The Ideal CCNA Security Candidate. 6 Put Yourself to the Test. 8 Exam Topics for 640-553 IINS (Implementing Cisco IOS Network Security).. 10 Strategy for Using This Exam Cram. 12 Part I: Network Security Architecture Chapter 1: Network Insecurity... 15 Exploring Network Security Basics and the Need for Network Security. 16 The Threats. 16 Other Reasons for Network Insecurity 18 The CIA Triad. 18 Data Classification. 21 Security Controls. 22 Incident Response. 25 Laws and Ethics. 26 Exploring the Taxonomy of Network Attacks. 29 Adversaries. 30 How Do Hackers Think?. 32 Concepts of Defense in Depth. 32 IP Spoofing Attacks. 34 Attacks Against Confidentiality. 36 Attacks Against Integrity. 38 Attacks Against Availability. 42 Best Practices to Thwart Network Attacks. 45 Administrative Controls. 45 Technical Controls. 46 Physical Controls. 46 Exam Prep Questions. 47 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 50 Chapter 2: Building a Secure Network Using Security Controls. 51 Defining Operations Security Needs. 52 Cisco System Development Life Cycle for Secure Networks 52 Operations Security Principles. 54 Network Security Testing. 55 Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning 59 Establishing a Comprehensive Network Security Policy 61 Defining Assets. 62 The Need for a Security Policy. 63 Policies. 64 Standards, Guidelines, and Procedures 65 Who Is Responsible for the Security Policy? 66 Risk Management. 67 Principles of Secure Network Design 70 Examining Cisco's Model of the Self-Defending Network 73 Where Is the Network Perimeter?. 73 Building a Cisco Self-Defending Network 74 Components of the Cisco Self-Defending Network 75 Cisco Integrated Security Portfolio. 79 Exam Prep Questions. 81 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 84 Part II: Perimeter Security Chapter 3: Security at the Network Perimeter. 87 Cisco IOS Security Features. 88 Where Do You Deploy an IOS Router? 88 Cisco ISR Family and Features. 90 Securing Administrative Access to Cisco Routers 91 Review Line Interfaces. 92 Password Best Practices. 94 Configuring Passwords. 94 Setting Multiple Privilege Levels. 97 Configuring Role-Based Access to the CLI 98 Configuring the Cisco IOS Resilient Configuration Feature 101 Protecting Virtual Logins from Attack 102 Configuring Banner Messages. 104 Introducing Cisco SDM.. 105 Files Required to Run Cisco SDM from the Router 106 Using Cisco SDM Express. 107 Launching Cisco SDM. 108 Cisco SDM Smart Wizards. 110 Advanced Configuration with SDM. 111 Cisco SDM Monitor Mode. 113 Configuring Local Database AAA on a Cisco Router 114 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) 114 Two Reasons for Implementing AAA on Cisco Routers 114 Cisco's Implementation of AAA for Cisco Routers 115 Tasks to Configure Local Database AAA on a Cisco Router 116 Additional Local Database AAA CLI Commands 120 Configuring External AAA on a Cisco Router Using Cisco Secure ACS.. 121 Why Use Cisco Secure ACS?. 123 Cisco Secure ACS Features. 123 Cisco Secure ACS for Windows Installation Requirements 124 Cisco Secure ACS Solution Engine and Cisco Secure ACS Express 5.0 Comparison. 125 TACACS+ or RADIUS?. 125 Prerequisites for Cisco Secure ACS 126 Three Main Tasks for Setting Up External AAA 127 Troubleshooting/Debugging Local AAA, RADIUS, and TACACS+.. 140 AAA Configuration Snapshot. 141 Exam Prep Questions. 142 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 145 Chapter 4: Implementing Secure Management and Hardening the Router 147 Planning for Secure Management and Reporting 148 What to Log. 149 How to Log. 150 Reference Architecture for Secure Management and Reporting. 151 Secure Management and Reporting Guidelines 153 Logging with Syslog. 153 Cisco Security MARS. 154 Where to Send Log Messages. 154 Log Message Levels. 155 Log Message Format. 156 Enabling Syslog Logging in SDM. 156 Using SNMP.. 157 Configuring the SSH Daemon. 161 Configuring Time Features. 165 Using Cisco SDM and CLI Tools to Lock Down the Router 167 Router Services and Interface Vulnerabilities 167 Performing a Security Audit. 172 Exam Prep Questions. 180 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 182 Part III: Augmenting Depth of Defense Chapter 5: Using Cisco IOS Firewalls to Implement a Network Security Policy 185 Examining and Defining Firewall Technologies 187 What Is a Firewall?.. 188 Characteristics of a Firewall. 189 Firewall Advantages. 189 Firewall Disadvantages. 190 Role of Firewalls in a Layered Defense Strategy 190 Types of Firewalls. 190 Cisco Family of Firewalls. 201 Firewall Implementation Best Practices 202 Creating Static Packet Filters with ACLs. 203 Threat Mitigation with ACLs. 203 Inbound Versus Outbound. 203 Identifying ACLs. 205 ACL Examples Using the CLI. 205 ACL Guidelines. 208 Using the Cisco SDM to Configure ACLs 209 Using ACLs to Filter Network Services 212 Using ACLs to Mitigate IP Address Spoofing Attacks 213 Using ACLs to Filter Other Common Services 216 Cisco Zone-Based Policy Firewall Fundamentals 218 Advantages of ZPF.. 220 Features of ZPF.. 221 ZPF Actions. 221 Zone Behavior. 221 Using the Cisco SDM Basic Firewall Wizard to Configure ZPF.. 224 Manually Configuring ZPF with the Cisco SDM 233 Monitoring ZPF.. 238 Exam Prep Questions. 241 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 244 Chapter 6: Introducing Cryptographic Services. 245 Cryptology Overview. 246 Cryptanalysis. 249 Encryption Algorithm (Cipher) Desirable Features 251 Symmetric Key Versus Asymmetric Key Encryption Algorithms. 251 Block Versus Stream Ciphers. 254 Which Encryption Algorithm Do I Choose? 255 Cryptographic Hashing Algorithms. 256 Principles of Key Management. 256 Other Key Considerations. 257 SSL VPNs. 259 Exploring Symmetric Key Encryption. 261 DES... 263 3DES.. 264 AES... 265 SEAL.. 266 Rivest Ciphers (RC).. 267 Exploring Cryptographic Hashing Algorithms and Digital Signatures. 268 HMACs. 270 Message Digest 5 (MD5). 271 Secure Hashing Algorithm 1 (SHA-1) 272 Digital Signatures. 272 Exploring Asymmetric Key Encryption and Public Key Infrastructure. 275 Encryption with Asymmetric Keys. 276 Authentication with Asymmetric Keys 277 Public Key Infrastructure Overview. 277 PKI Topologies. 278 PKI and Usage Keys. 279 PKI Server Offload and Registration Authorities (RAs) 280 PKI Standards. 280 Certificate Enrollment Process. 282 Certificate-Based Authentication. 283 Certificate Applications. 284 Exam Prep Questions. 286 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 289 Chapter 7: Virtual Private Networks with IPsec. 291 Overview of VPN Technology. 292 Cisco VPN Products. 293 VPN Benefits. 293 Site-to-Site VPNs. 294 Remote-Access VPNs. 295 Cisco IOS SSL VPN. 296 Cisco VPN Product Positioning. 297 VPN Clients. 299 Hardware-Accelerated Encryption. 300 IPsec Compared to SSL. 301 Conceptualizing a Site-to-Site IPsec VPN. 302 IPsec Components. 302 IPsec Strengths. 306 Constructing a VPN: Putting it Together 307 Implementing IPsec on a Site-to-Site VPN Using the CLI 315 Step 1: Ensure That Existing ACLs Are Compatible with the IPsec VPN.. 315 Step 2: Create ISAKMP (IKE Phase I) Policy Set(s) 316 Step 3: Configure IPsec Transform Set(s) 318 Step 4: Create Crypto ACL Defining Traffic in the IPsec VPN.. 319 Step 5: Create and Apply the Crypto Map (IPsec Tunnel Interface).. 320 Verifying and Troubleshooting the IPsec VPN Using the CLI.. 321 Implementing IPsec on a Site-to-Site VPN Using Cisco SDM 325 Site-to-Site VPN Wizard Using Quick Setup 325 Site-to-Site VPN Wizard Using Step-by-Step Setup 329 Exam Prep Questions. 337 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 339 Chapter 8: Network Security Using Cisco IOS IPS. 341 Exploring IPS Technologies. 342 IDS Versus IPS.. 342 IDS and IPS Categories. 343 IPS Attack Responses. 347 Event Management and Monitoring. 349 Host IPS.. 351 Network IPS.. 354 HIPS and Network IPS Comparison 355 Cisco IPS Appliances. 356 IDS and IPS Signatures. 357 Signature Alarms. 359 Best Practices for IPS Configuration 360 Implementing Cisco IOS IPS.. 362 Cisco IOS IPS Feature Blend. 362 Cisco IOS IPS Primary Benefits. 362 Cisco IOS IPS Signature Integration 363 Configuring Cisco IOS IPS with the Cisco SDM 364 Cisco IOS IPS CLI Configuration. 377 Configuring IPS Signatures. 378 SDEE and Syslog Logging Protocol Support 381 Verifying IOS IPS Operation. 384 Exam Prep Questions. 387 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 390 Part IV: Security Inside the Perimeter Chapter 9: Introduction to Endpoint, SAN, and Voice Security. 395 Introducing Endpoint Security. 396 Cisco's Host Security Strategy. 397 Securing Software. 397 Endpoint Attacks. 399 Cisco Solutions to Secure Systems and Thwart Endpoint Attacks. 403 Endpoint Best Practices. 407 Exploring SAN Security. 407 SAN Advantages. 407 SAN Technologies. 408 SAN Address Vulnerabilities. 408 Virtual SANs (VSANs). 409 SAN Security Strategies. 409 Exploring Voice Security. 411 VoIP Components. 411 Threats to VoIP Endpoints. 413 Fraud... 414 SIP Vulnerabilities. 414 Mitigating VoIP Hacking. 415 Exam Prep Questions. 418 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 420 Chapter 10: Protecting Switch Infrastructure. 421 VLAN Hopping Attacks. 422 VLAN Hopping by Rogue Trunk. 423 VLAN Hopping by Double-Tagging. 424 STP Manipulation Attack. 425 STP Manipulation Attack Mitigation: Portfast 426 STP Manipulation Attack Mitigation: BPDU Guard 427 STP Manipulation Attack Mitigation: Root Guard 428 CAM Table Overflow Attack. 428 CAM Table Overflow Attack Mitigation: Port Security 429 MAC Address Spoofing Attack. 429 MAC Address Spoofing Attack Mitigation: Port Security 429 Configuring Port Security. 429 Port Security Basic Settings. 430 Port Security Optional Settings. 430 Port Security Verification. 433 Miscellaneous Switch Security Features. 434 Intrusion Notification. 434 Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN). 435 Storm Control. 436 Switch Security Best Practices. 438 Exam Prep Questions. 439 Answers to Exam Prep Questions. 440 Part V: Practice Exams and Answers Practice Exam 1... 443 Answers to Practice Exam 1.. 461 Practice Exam 2... 471 Answers to Practice Exam 2.. 487 Part VI: Appendixes Appendix A: What's on the CD-ROM.. 499 Appendix B: Need to Know More?... 503 TOC, 0789738007, 10/3/08

About the Author

Eric Stewart is a self-employed network security contractor who finds his home in Ottawa, Canada. Trained as a computer engineer at the Royal Military College, and later in computer science and economics at Carleton University, Eric has over 20 years of experience in the information technology field--the last 12 years focusing primarily on Cisco Systems routers, switches, VPN concentrators, and security appliances. He likes to divide his time evenly between his two great loves in the field: teaching and doing! The majority of Eric's consulting work has been in the implementation of major security infrastructure initiatives and architectural reviews with the Canadian Federal Government, working at such departments as Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) and the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority (CATSA). A Cisco Certified Systems Instructor (CCSI), he especially enjoys imparting the joy that he takes in his work to his students, as he will often be found enthusiastically teaching Cisco CCNA, CCNP, and CCSP curriculum to students throughout North America and the world. His previous work with Cisco Press has been as the development editor for two titles, Authorized CCDA Self-Study Guide: Designing for Cisco Internetwork Solutions (DESGN) (Exam 640-863) and Router Security Strategies: Securing IP Network Traffic Planes. Eric has a lovely wife, Carol Ann, who is an accomplished music teacher, as well as two teenage children, Scott and Meaghan.